PYC2605 HIV/AIDS CARE AND COUNSELLING
2026 CERTIFICATION EVALUATION TEST PAPER
QUESTIONS SOLUTIONS GRADED A PLUS
◉ Which HIV group predominates in the current AIDS epidemic?
Answer: Group M viruses, part of HIV Type 1.
◉ What is the dominant HIV subtype in South Africa?
Answer: HIV-1 subtype C.
◉ What is the role of antigens in the immune response?
Answer: Antigens are unique proteins that the immune system
identifies to kill pathogens.
◉ What happens when a pathogen enters the body for the first time?
Answer: The body must develop an immune response, which takes
approximately 12 days.
◉ What are memory T cells and memory B cells?
Answer: Cells that store information on previously detected antigens
to activate an immune response.
, ◉ What is the function of antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?
Answer: APCs, such as dendritic cells and macrophages, present
antigens to the immune system.
◉ What is the significance of the innate immune system?
Answer: It is the first line of defense that attempts to kill pathogens
before the adaptive immune response is activated.
◉ What is the purpose of HIV testing?
Answer: To diagnose HIV infection and monitor the health of
individuals living with HIV.
◉ What is antiretroviral therapy (ART)?
Answer: A treatment for HIV that helps manage the virus and
prevent progression to AIDS.
◉ What are common HIV-associated symptoms?
Answer: Fever, fatigue, weight loss, and recurrent infections.
◉ What is the primary mode of HIV transmission?
Answer: Through unprotected sexual contact, sharing needles, and
from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding.
2026 CERTIFICATION EVALUATION TEST PAPER
QUESTIONS SOLUTIONS GRADED A PLUS
◉ Which HIV group predominates in the current AIDS epidemic?
Answer: Group M viruses, part of HIV Type 1.
◉ What is the dominant HIV subtype in South Africa?
Answer: HIV-1 subtype C.
◉ What is the role of antigens in the immune response?
Answer: Antigens are unique proteins that the immune system
identifies to kill pathogens.
◉ What happens when a pathogen enters the body for the first time?
Answer: The body must develop an immune response, which takes
approximately 12 days.
◉ What are memory T cells and memory B cells?
Answer: Cells that store information on previously detected antigens
to activate an immune response.
, ◉ What is the function of antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?
Answer: APCs, such as dendritic cells and macrophages, present
antigens to the immune system.
◉ What is the significance of the innate immune system?
Answer: It is the first line of defense that attempts to kill pathogens
before the adaptive immune response is activated.
◉ What is the purpose of HIV testing?
Answer: To diagnose HIV infection and monitor the health of
individuals living with HIV.
◉ What is antiretroviral therapy (ART)?
Answer: A treatment for HIV that helps manage the virus and
prevent progression to AIDS.
◉ What are common HIV-associated symptoms?
Answer: Fever, fatigue, weight loss, and recurrent infections.
◉ What is the primary mode of HIV transmission?
Answer: Through unprotected sexual contact, sharing needles, and
from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding.
