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BIO 2500 Fundamentals of Nutrition, Galen
College, 2026–2027, complete final exam review
with solutions
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Introduction
This 33-page review covers Units 9–11 of BIO 2500, focusing on
energy balance and weight management, nutrition during
pregnancy and infancy, food safety, food insecurity, and global
hunger. It contains 50 multiple-choice nursing-focused questions
with correct answers, rationales, case studies, and a high-yield
final exam quick review.
Exam Questions and Answers
UNIT 9 — ENERGY BALANCE & WEIGHT MANAGEMENT
Question 1
A nurse is teaching a client about energy balance. Which
statement best describes energy balance?
A. Consuming more protein than carbohydrates
B. Energy intake approximately equals energy expenditure
C. Eliminating all dietary fat
D. Exercising for at least 60 minutes every day
Correct Answer: B
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Rationale: Energy balance occurs when energy consumed
through food and beverages is approximately equal to energy
expended through basal metabolism, physical activity, and other
physiological processes.
Nursing Case: A client has maintained the same body weight for
several months despite eating a variety of foods. The nurse
explains that this generally indicates relative energy balance.
Question 2
A patient asks why resting energy expenditure is important.
Which response by the nurse is most accurate?
A. “It represents energy used only during exercise.” B. “It is the
energy your body uses to maintain essential functions while at
rest.” C. “It is the calories contained in dietary fiber.” D. “It
measures only the energy used to digest protein.”
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Resting energy expenditure supports essential
functions such as circulation, respiration, cellular activity, and
temperature regulation.
Nursing Case: A hospitalized patient who is largely inactive still
requires energy because the heart, lungs, brain, kidneys, and
other organs continue functioning.
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Question 3
Which factor generally has the greatest influence on a person’s
total daily energy expenditure?
A. Basal/resting metabolism
B. Vitamin intake
C. Water consumption
D. Dietary fiber intake
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Resting metabolism usually represents the largest
component of total daily energy expenditure, although physical
activity and the thermic effect of food also contribute.
Question 4
A client consumes 2,400 kcal per day but expends approximately
2,000 kcal. What is the most likely result if this pattern
continues?
A. Weight loss
B. Weight maintenance
C. Positive energy balance and potential weight gain
D. Immediate dehydration
Correct Answer: C
BIO 2500 Fundamentals of Nutrition, Galen
College, 2026–2027, complete final exam review
with solutions
,Page 2 of 33
Introduction
This 33-page review covers Units 9–11 of BIO 2500, focusing on
energy balance and weight management, nutrition during
pregnancy and infancy, food safety, food insecurity, and global
hunger. It contains 50 multiple-choice nursing-focused questions
with correct answers, rationales, case studies, and a high-yield
final exam quick review.
Exam Questions and Answers
UNIT 9 — ENERGY BALANCE & WEIGHT MANAGEMENT
Question 1
A nurse is teaching a client about energy balance. Which
statement best describes energy balance?
A. Consuming more protein than carbohydrates
B. Energy intake approximately equals energy expenditure
C. Eliminating all dietary fat
D. Exercising for at least 60 minutes every day
Correct Answer: B
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Rationale: Energy balance occurs when energy consumed
through food and beverages is approximately equal to energy
expended through basal metabolism, physical activity, and other
physiological processes.
Nursing Case: A client has maintained the same body weight for
several months despite eating a variety of foods. The nurse
explains that this generally indicates relative energy balance.
Question 2
A patient asks why resting energy expenditure is important.
Which response by the nurse is most accurate?
A. “It represents energy used only during exercise.” B. “It is the
energy your body uses to maintain essential functions while at
rest.” C. “It is the calories contained in dietary fiber.” D. “It
measures only the energy used to digest protein.”
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Resting energy expenditure supports essential
functions such as circulation, respiration, cellular activity, and
temperature regulation.
Nursing Case: A hospitalized patient who is largely inactive still
requires energy because the heart, lungs, brain, kidneys, and
other organs continue functioning.
, Page 4 of 33
Question 3
Which factor generally has the greatest influence on a person’s
total daily energy expenditure?
A. Basal/resting metabolism
B. Vitamin intake
C. Water consumption
D. Dietary fiber intake
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Resting metabolism usually represents the largest
component of total daily energy expenditure, although physical
activity and the thermic effect of food also contribute.
Question 4
A client consumes 2,400 kcal per day but expends approximately
2,000 kcal. What is the most likely result if this pattern
continues?
A. Weight loss
B. Weight maintenance
C. Positive energy balance and potential weight gain
D. Immediate dehydration
Correct Answer: C
