CSCS SET ALL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Reversal Theory - ✔✔- The effect of arousal depends on how the athlete determines
it; the idea that one has the ability to reverse their interpretation of arousal
✔✔Catastrophe Theory - ✔✔When increases in physiological arousal occur in the
presence of cognitive anxiety, a sudden drop in performance occurs.
✔✔Individual Zones of Optimal Functioning Theory - ✔✔Different people perform best
with different arousal levels; there is no set of emotions that can improve or decrease
performance
✔✔Inverted-U Theory - ✔✔Arousal facilitate performance up to a certain level; anything
further may decrease performance
✔✔Task Complexity and Arousal relationship - ✔✔simple skills that don't need much
thought can tolerate more arousal
✔✔Skill Level and Arousal relationship - ✔✔The better skilled, the less arousal needed
to perform well
✔✔The Drive Theory - ✔✔As athlete's arousal increases, performance also increases
✔✔Trait Anxiety - ✔✔A personality trait; the disposition to perceive situations at
threatening
✔✔State Anxiety - ✔✔The actual experience of apprehension and uncontrolled arousal
✔✔Somatic Anxiety - ✔✔The physical symptoms of anxiety; fast HR, upset stomach
✔✔Cognitive Anxiety - ✔✔The cognitive component of anxiety; the worries
✔✔Arousal - ✔✔a blend of physiological and psychological activity in a person, and it
refers to the intensity dimensions of motivation at a particular moment
,✔✔The Ideal Performance State - ✔✔- No fear
- No thinking about performance
- Narrow focus on the activity only
- A sense of effortlessness
- A sense of control
- Distortion of time and space
✔✔The 3 goals of sports psychology - ✔✔1. Measuring physical phenomena
2. investigating the relationships between psychological variables and performance
3. applying theoretical knowledge to improve athletic performance
✔✔Program design considerations for seniors - ✔✔- Pre-screened
- 5-10 min warm-up
- Static stretching before/after
- avoid valsalva maneuver
- pain free ROM exercises
- allow 2-3 days for recovery
✔✔Osteopenia vs osteoporosis - ✔✔Osteopenia: bone mineral density between -1 and
-2.5
Osteoperosis: < -2.5
✔✔Female athlete triad - ✔✔Caused by high training volume/intensity without adequate
calorie intake; more likely for osteoperosis & amenorrhea
✔✔Program designs for children - ✔✔- Dynamic warm-up before
- static stretch after
- 1-3 sets
- 6-15 reps
2-3 non-consecutive days per week
✔✔What is the main reason why children are able to make "gains" when resistance
training? - ✔✔- Due to neurological factors; NOT hypertrophy
- Increases in MU activation and synchronization
✔✔When do boys reach peak gains? - ✔✔1.2 years after peak height velocity
0.8 years after peak weight
✔✔When do girls reach peak gains? - ✔✔After their peak height
✔✔When is peak strength attained in untrained men & women? - ✔✔Men: 20 years old
, Women: 20-30 years old
✔✔Where are the primary & secondary ossification centers? - ✔✔Primary: Diaphysis
Secondary: Growth Cartilage
✔✔Peak Height Velocity - ✔✔The age at which a child is at their max growth rate during
puberty; most susceptible to injury at this stage
✔✔Where is growth cartilage in children? - ✔✔- The epiphyseal plate
- The joint surface
- The apophyseal insertions
✔✔Chronological Age - ✔✔The stage of development measured in months/years
✔✔Biological Age - ✔✔measured in terms of skeletal age, somatic maturity, or sexual
maturation
✔✔Markers of Aerobic Overtraining - ✔✔- Decreased performance
- Decrease body fat %
- Decreased max O2 uptake
- Altered BP
- Increases sorness
- Decreased muscle glycogen
- Altered resting HR
✔✔Sarcopenia - ✔✔The loss of muscle mass as you age
✔✔Genetic Potential - ✔✔The upper limit of an athlete's genetic potential dictates the
magnitude of their training goals
✔✔Blood Doping - ✔✔- Artificially increasing RBC mass to improve performance
- Reduces the effects of altitude and temperature
✔✔Hyperoxic Breathing - ✔✔Breathing O2 enriched mixtures during rest or after
exercise to improve performance; very controversial
✔✔Prolonged adaptations at Altitude - ✔✔- Increased hemoglobin and RBC
- Increased diffusing capacity of O2
- Maintenance of acid;base balance
- Increased capillarization
✔✔How long does it take to adjust to altitude? - ✔✔10-14 days
✔✔Reversal Theory - ✔✔- The effect of arousal depends on how the athlete determines
it; the idea that one has the ability to reverse their interpretation of arousal
✔✔Catastrophe Theory - ✔✔When increases in physiological arousal occur in the
presence of cognitive anxiety, a sudden drop in performance occurs.
✔✔Individual Zones of Optimal Functioning Theory - ✔✔Different people perform best
with different arousal levels; there is no set of emotions that can improve or decrease
performance
✔✔Inverted-U Theory - ✔✔Arousal facilitate performance up to a certain level; anything
further may decrease performance
✔✔Task Complexity and Arousal relationship - ✔✔simple skills that don't need much
thought can tolerate more arousal
✔✔Skill Level and Arousal relationship - ✔✔The better skilled, the less arousal needed
to perform well
✔✔The Drive Theory - ✔✔As athlete's arousal increases, performance also increases
✔✔Trait Anxiety - ✔✔A personality trait; the disposition to perceive situations at
threatening
✔✔State Anxiety - ✔✔The actual experience of apprehension and uncontrolled arousal
✔✔Somatic Anxiety - ✔✔The physical symptoms of anxiety; fast HR, upset stomach
✔✔Cognitive Anxiety - ✔✔The cognitive component of anxiety; the worries
✔✔Arousal - ✔✔a blend of physiological and psychological activity in a person, and it
refers to the intensity dimensions of motivation at a particular moment
,✔✔The Ideal Performance State - ✔✔- No fear
- No thinking about performance
- Narrow focus on the activity only
- A sense of effortlessness
- A sense of control
- Distortion of time and space
✔✔The 3 goals of sports psychology - ✔✔1. Measuring physical phenomena
2. investigating the relationships between psychological variables and performance
3. applying theoretical knowledge to improve athletic performance
✔✔Program design considerations for seniors - ✔✔- Pre-screened
- 5-10 min warm-up
- Static stretching before/after
- avoid valsalva maneuver
- pain free ROM exercises
- allow 2-3 days for recovery
✔✔Osteopenia vs osteoporosis - ✔✔Osteopenia: bone mineral density between -1 and
-2.5
Osteoperosis: < -2.5
✔✔Female athlete triad - ✔✔Caused by high training volume/intensity without adequate
calorie intake; more likely for osteoperosis & amenorrhea
✔✔Program designs for children - ✔✔- Dynamic warm-up before
- static stretch after
- 1-3 sets
- 6-15 reps
2-3 non-consecutive days per week
✔✔What is the main reason why children are able to make "gains" when resistance
training? - ✔✔- Due to neurological factors; NOT hypertrophy
- Increases in MU activation and synchronization
✔✔When do boys reach peak gains? - ✔✔1.2 years after peak height velocity
0.8 years after peak weight
✔✔When do girls reach peak gains? - ✔✔After their peak height
✔✔When is peak strength attained in untrained men & women? - ✔✔Men: 20 years old
, Women: 20-30 years old
✔✔Where are the primary & secondary ossification centers? - ✔✔Primary: Diaphysis
Secondary: Growth Cartilage
✔✔Peak Height Velocity - ✔✔The age at which a child is at their max growth rate during
puberty; most susceptible to injury at this stage
✔✔Where is growth cartilage in children? - ✔✔- The epiphyseal plate
- The joint surface
- The apophyseal insertions
✔✔Chronological Age - ✔✔The stage of development measured in months/years
✔✔Biological Age - ✔✔measured in terms of skeletal age, somatic maturity, or sexual
maturation
✔✔Markers of Aerobic Overtraining - ✔✔- Decreased performance
- Decrease body fat %
- Decreased max O2 uptake
- Altered BP
- Increases sorness
- Decreased muscle glycogen
- Altered resting HR
✔✔Sarcopenia - ✔✔The loss of muscle mass as you age
✔✔Genetic Potential - ✔✔The upper limit of an athlete's genetic potential dictates the
magnitude of their training goals
✔✔Blood Doping - ✔✔- Artificially increasing RBC mass to improve performance
- Reduces the effects of altitude and temperature
✔✔Hyperoxic Breathing - ✔✔Breathing O2 enriched mixtures during rest or after
exercise to improve performance; very controversial
✔✔Prolonged adaptations at Altitude - ✔✔- Increased hemoglobin and RBC
- Increased diffusing capacity of O2
- Maintenance of acid;base balance
- Increased capillarization
✔✔How long does it take to adjust to altitude? - ✔✔10-14 days
