BCPS ANSWERS AND QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔Uncomplicated cystitis - ✔✔Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 160 mg/800 mg twice
daily for 3 days.
Nitrofurantoin 100 mg twice daily for 5 days
Fosfomycin 3 g, one dose
✔✔when are steroids indicated for adults with meningitis - ✔✔Dexamethasone is
beneficial only in adults with pneumococcal meningitis
✔✔treatments of choice for diabetic foot ulcer (mod./severe) - ✔✔Ampicillin/sulbactam
Ertapenem
Cefoxitiniv
✔✔Treatment of Acute Gout Initial combination therapy - ✔✔Treatment options:
Colchicine plus NSAID
OCS plus colchicine
Intra-articularsteroid with any other
*Avoid combination NSAID plus OCS
✔✔Monotherapyfor Acute Gout - ✔✔Colchicine (tx in kidney/hep impairment, If pt has
received acute tx in past 2 wks, use alt therapy; do use in phx)
Corticosteroids (Consider intra-articular if 1-2 large joints, PO or IM w/ PO )
✔✔Give K 10 - 20 mEq/hr, max 20 - 40 mEq/hr requires
continuous EKG monitoring (regardless of route) - ✔✔Tx of Hypokalemia, how fast?
✔✔60 mEq/L - ✔✔If peripheral IV, max concentration of K is?
✔✔peaked t-waves, wide QRS
, VF may be first sign - ✔✔EKG changes in Hyperkalemia
✔✔Calcium gluconate 1 - 2 g IV over 2 - 10 minutes
can prevent hyperkalemia-induced arrhythmias
Insulin 10 units IV (with glucose to prevent hypoglycemia) - effect within 60min
Sodium bicarbonate 50 mEq - effect within 30 - 60 min although efficacy is disputed
Albuterol (β2 agonist) - effect within 90 min inhaled;
40% won't respond; consider use in combination with
insulin - ✔✔Urgent Treatment of Hyperkalemia
✔✔Sorbitol 33% (rare to cause colonic necrosis, avoid higher) - ✔✔In Kayexalate &
Sorbitol, what percentage should Sorbitol be to prevent bowl injury?
✔✔If symptomatic (tetany, seizure, HTN), administer 1 - 4 g IV slowly (1
g/hr) to avoid hypotension and/or increased renal excretion;
if torsades can give IV push - ✔✔Replacement of Other Electrolytes Mg2+ when to use
✔✔Major cause of low phosphorus is refeeding syndrome; also during
treatment of DKA
Prevent refeeding syndrome by supplementing with 10 - 30 mmol/L
IV (↑ risk if malnourished, alcoholism, DKA)
Oral is poorly absorbed - ✔✔Replacement of electrolytes PO4, what is major cause?
How to prevent? PO bioavilability
✔✔Don't treat (or use PO) if asymptomatic hypocalcemia associated with low albumin
Asymptomatic hypocalcemia can be treated with oral calcium
Don't give CaCl via peripheral IV (limb ischemia) - ✔✔Replacement of electrolytes
Ca2+, when to use & avoid.
✔✔Use multi-electrolyte products (don't use CaCL for PN) - ✔✔If Calcium shortage,
what can be given if no gluconate?
✔✔central IV access
10 mL = 1 g (270 mg elemental Ca2+) - ✔✔Calcium chloride type of IV access and
elemental adjustment
✔✔Uncomplicated cystitis - ✔✔Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 160 mg/800 mg twice
daily for 3 days.
Nitrofurantoin 100 mg twice daily for 5 days
Fosfomycin 3 g, one dose
✔✔when are steroids indicated for adults with meningitis - ✔✔Dexamethasone is
beneficial only in adults with pneumococcal meningitis
✔✔treatments of choice for diabetic foot ulcer (mod./severe) - ✔✔Ampicillin/sulbactam
Ertapenem
Cefoxitiniv
✔✔Treatment of Acute Gout Initial combination therapy - ✔✔Treatment options:
Colchicine plus NSAID
OCS plus colchicine
Intra-articularsteroid with any other
*Avoid combination NSAID plus OCS
✔✔Monotherapyfor Acute Gout - ✔✔Colchicine (tx in kidney/hep impairment, If pt has
received acute tx in past 2 wks, use alt therapy; do use in phx)
Corticosteroids (Consider intra-articular if 1-2 large joints, PO or IM w/ PO )
✔✔Give K 10 - 20 mEq/hr, max 20 - 40 mEq/hr requires
continuous EKG monitoring (regardless of route) - ✔✔Tx of Hypokalemia, how fast?
✔✔60 mEq/L - ✔✔If peripheral IV, max concentration of K is?
✔✔peaked t-waves, wide QRS
, VF may be first sign - ✔✔EKG changes in Hyperkalemia
✔✔Calcium gluconate 1 - 2 g IV over 2 - 10 minutes
can prevent hyperkalemia-induced arrhythmias
Insulin 10 units IV (with glucose to prevent hypoglycemia) - effect within 60min
Sodium bicarbonate 50 mEq - effect within 30 - 60 min although efficacy is disputed
Albuterol (β2 agonist) - effect within 90 min inhaled;
40% won't respond; consider use in combination with
insulin - ✔✔Urgent Treatment of Hyperkalemia
✔✔Sorbitol 33% (rare to cause colonic necrosis, avoid higher) - ✔✔In Kayexalate &
Sorbitol, what percentage should Sorbitol be to prevent bowl injury?
✔✔If symptomatic (tetany, seizure, HTN), administer 1 - 4 g IV slowly (1
g/hr) to avoid hypotension and/or increased renal excretion;
if torsades can give IV push - ✔✔Replacement of Other Electrolytes Mg2+ when to use
✔✔Major cause of low phosphorus is refeeding syndrome; also during
treatment of DKA
Prevent refeeding syndrome by supplementing with 10 - 30 mmol/L
IV (↑ risk if malnourished, alcoholism, DKA)
Oral is poorly absorbed - ✔✔Replacement of electrolytes PO4, what is major cause?
How to prevent? PO bioavilability
✔✔Don't treat (or use PO) if asymptomatic hypocalcemia associated with low albumin
Asymptomatic hypocalcemia can be treated with oral calcium
Don't give CaCl via peripheral IV (limb ischemia) - ✔✔Replacement of electrolytes
Ca2+, when to use & avoid.
✔✔Use multi-electrolyte products (don't use CaCL for PN) - ✔✔If Calcium shortage,
what can be given if no gluconate?
✔✔central IV access
10 mL = 1 g (270 mg elemental Ca2+) - ✔✔Calcium chloride type of IV access and
elemental adjustment
