NRSG 2630 Exam 3 - Cardiac Part 1 |
Comprehensive Practice Questions
with 100% Correct Answers | Verified
Latest 2025/2026
SECTION 1: CARDIAC ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (Questions
1-25)
Question 1
What is the formula for cardiac output?
A) CO = HR × SV
B) CO = SV / HR
C) CO = BP × HR
D) CO = Preload × Afterload
Correct Answer: A) CO = HR × SV
Rationale: Cardiac output (CO) is the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in
one minute. It is calculated by multiplying heart rate (HR) by stroke volume (SV).
Normal cardiac output is approximately 4–8 L/min .
,Question 2
What is cardiac output?
A) The amount of blood ejected by the heart in one beat
B) The amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute
C) The volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole
D) The resistance against which the ventricles must pump
Correct Answer: B) The amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute
Rationale: Cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute.
It is a key indicator of cardiac function and tissue perfusion. Maintaining adequate
cardiac output is essential for meeting the body's metabolic demands .
Question 3
What is stroke volume?
A) The amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute
B) The amount of blood ejected by the heart in one beat
C) The volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole
D) The resistance against which the ventricles must pump
Correct Answer: B) The amount of blood ejected by the heart in one beat
Rationale: Stroke volume is the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle with
each contraction. It is influenced by preload, afterload, and myocardial
contractility .
Question 4
,What is a normal blood pressure?
A) 140/90 mmHg
B) 100–120/60–80 mmHg
C) 130/85 mmHg
D) 90/60 mmHg
Correct Answer: B) 100–120/60–80 mmHg
Rationale: Normal blood pressure is typically defined as a systolic pressure of 100–
120 mmHg and a diastolic pressure of 60–80 mmHg. Blood pressure is a key
indicator of cardiovascular function and perfusion .
Question 5
What is the most common cause of endocarditis?
A) Virus
B) Bacteria
C) Fungus
D) Parasite
Correct Answer: B) Bacteria
Rationale: Bacterial infection is the most common cause of infective endocarditis.
Organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus viridans are
frequently implicated. The infection can occur on native or prosthetic valves .
Question 6
What are the four chambers of the heart in order of blood flow?
A) Left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium, right ventricle
B) Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle
C) Left atrium, right atrium, left ventricle, right ventricle
D) Right ventricle, right atrium, left ventricle, left atrium
, Correct Answer: B) Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle
Rationale: Blood flows from the systemic circulation into the right atrium, through
the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle, then to the lungs via the pulmonary artery.
Oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium, passes through the mitral valve to the
left ventricle, and is pumped out to the body through the aorta .
Question 7
What is the order of blood flow through the cardiac valves?
A) Mitral, aortic, tricuspid, pulmonic
B) Tricuspid, pulmonic, mitral, aortic
C) Pulmonic, tricuspid, aortic, mitral
D) Aortic, mitral, pulmonic, tricuspid
Correct Answer: B) Tricuspid, pulmonic, mitral, aortic
Rationale: Blood flows through the tricuspid valve from the right atrium to the right
ventricle, then through the pulmonic valve to the pulmonary artery. After
oxygenation in the lungs, blood returns to the left atrium, passes through the mitral
valve to the left ventricle, and exits through the aortic valve .
Question 8
Define systole and diastole.
A) Systole is relaxation of the ventricles; diastole is contraction of the ventricles
B) Systole is contraction of the ventricles; diastole is relaxation of the ventricles
C) Systole is contraction of the atria; diastole is relaxation of the atria
D) Both systole and diastole refer to relaxation of the heart
Correct Answer: B) Systole is contraction of the ventricles; diastole is relaxation of
the ventricles
Comprehensive Practice Questions
with 100% Correct Answers | Verified
Latest 2025/2026
SECTION 1: CARDIAC ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY (Questions
1-25)
Question 1
What is the formula for cardiac output?
A) CO = HR × SV
B) CO = SV / HR
C) CO = BP × HR
D) CO = Preload × Afterload
Correct Answer: A) CO = HR × SV
Rationale: Cardiac output (CO) is the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in
one minute. It is calculated by multiplying heart rate (HR) by stroke volume (SV).
Normal cardiac output is approximately 4–8 L/min .
,Question 2
What is cardiac output?
A) The amount of blood ejected by the heart in one beat
B) The amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute
C) The volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole
D) The resistance against which the ventricles must pump
Correct Answer: B) The amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute
Rationale: Cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute.
It is a key indicator of cardiac function and tissue perfusion. Maintaining adequate
cardiac output is essential for meeting the body's metabolic demands .
Question 3
What is stroke volume?
A) The amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute
B) The amount of blood ejected by the heart in one beat
C) The volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole
D) The resistance against which the ventricles must pump
Correct Answer: B) The amount of blood ejected by the heart in one beat
Rationale: Stroke volume is the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle with
each contraction. It is influenced by preload, afterload, and myocardial
contractility .
Question 4
,What is a normal blood pressure?
A) 140/90 mmHg
B) 100–120/60–80 mmHg
C) 130/85 mmHg
D) 90/60 mmHg
Correct Answer: B) 100–120/60–80 mmHg
Rationale: Normal blood pressure is typically defined as a systolic pressure of 100–
120 mmHg and a diastolic pressure of 60–80 mmHg. Blood pressure is a key
indicator of cardiovascular function and perfusion .
Question 5
What is the most common cause of endocarditis?
A) Virus
B) Bacteria
C) Fungus
D) Parasite
Correct Answer: B) Bacteria
Rationale: Bacterial infection is the most common cause of infective endocarditis.
Organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus viridans are
frequently implicated. The infection can occur on native or prosthetic valves .
Question 6
What are the four chambers of the heart in order of blood flow?
A) Left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium, right ventricle
B) Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle
C) Left atrium, right atrium, left ventricle, right ventricle
D) Right ventricle, right atrium, left ventricle, left atrium
, Correct Answer: B) Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle
Rationale: Blood flows from the systemic circulation into the right atrium, through
the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle, then to the lungs via the pulmonary artery.
Oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium, passes through the mitral valve to the
left ventricle, and is pumped out to the body through the aorta .
Question 7
What is the order of blood flow through the cardiac valves?
A) Mitral, aortic, tricuspid, pulmonic
B) Tricuspid, pulmonic, mitral, aortic
C) Pulmonic, tricuspid, aortic, mitral
D) Aortic, mitral, pulmonic, tricuspid
Correct Answer: B) Tricuspid, pulmonic, mitral, aortic
Rationale: Blood flows through the tricuspid valve from the right atrium to the right
ventricle, then through the pulmonic valve to the pulmonary artery. After
oxygenation in the lungs, blood returns to the left atrium, passes through the mitral
valve to the left ventricle, and exits through the aortic valve .
Question 8
Define systole and diastole.
A) Systole is relaxation of the ventricles; diastole is contraction of the ventricles
B) Systole is contraction of the ventricles; diastole is relaxation of the ventricles
C) Systole is contraction of the atria; diastole is relaxation of the atria
D) Both systole and diastole refer to relaxation of the heart
Correct Answer: B) Systole is contraction of the ventricles; diastole is relaxation of
the ventricles
