Chapter 8" Transport in mammals
The
-
form of
most efficient respiration which ,
releases the most
energy from a
given amount of
glucose is aerobic respiration .
The mammalian
circulatory system
made up
·
and
of a
pump , the heart , a
of
interconnecting tubes , blood vessels
system .
The blood travels
·
twice through the heart on one
double circulation
-
complete circuit .
Systematic "Blood
·
Circulation is pumped out of the left ventricle into the
↳
higher pressure
aorta and travels from there to all parts of the
body ,
except lungs , returning to the
right side , in vena cava
Pulmonary *
Blood pumped out of the ventricle into the
Circulation is then
right
pulmonary arteries ,
which
carry it to the lungs returning
,
to
the left side in
pulmonary veins .
·
:
that carries fluids around
Circulatory System System an
organisms body .
Blood Vessels
:
3
·
main
types of vessels arteries, veins, capillaries
Arteriers/veins >
·
have 3 layers blood
Smooth minimising friction with moving
,
,
>
- for easy blood flow
-
inner made of endothelium of flat
layer ,
a
layer of
consisting of a
layer ↳ Capillaries join
cells
, squamous epithelium (forming lining) fitting ,
like
jigsaw pieces , plus ef.
-
middle layer containing smooth muscle, collagen /elastic fibres .
-
Outer layer containing elastic/collagen fibres .
Veins and
-
venules
·
Return blood to the heart
By the time blood enters a vein pressure has dropped very low
, meaning that veins
have thin walls ,
With thinner middle
layer and less elastic/muscle fibres .
↳ low
pressure so semilunar values
↓
formed from endothelium
, -
Arteries
Vessel
·
with thick
, strong walls that carries
high pressure blood away from the heart.
Aorta-largest
·
artery
Composition
·
of walls provides great Strength and resilience .
Arteriers
·
further from the heart have fewer elastic fibres in the middle layer but
more muscle fibres .
Elastic
·
-
>
arteries
lots
-
of elastic tissue ,
little muscle tissue .
function carry :
it's journey
-
blood from the heart on the first part of to its
final destination .
Plasticity :
1) allow them to strech bursting
preventing a
2) Even out blood flow .
Muscular arteries
·
When blood rushes out at
high pressure, artery walls widen , strech,
As arteries divide into smaller vessels, proportion of muscle in their
reducing pressure a little .
·
walls increases and elastic tissue decreases When blood at lower
pressure enters walls recoil inwards
.
an
artery ,
function : take blood "push" , raising
-
from an elastic
artery and deliver it close to
giving the blood a
pressure.
its final destination.
Contain Smooth muscle , which is able to contract Slowly and Steadily to alter the internal diameter of the
artery and control Volume
of blood that can flow through it .
further divide to form arterioles, (smaller vessels)
-
.
Arterioles
-
narrowness provides resistance to blood flow causing it to slow down providing extra time for exchange of
, , gasses
and nutrients as blood flows through capillaries in tissues .
↳ Walls of arteriers have nerve
supply .
Nerve impulses
·
from the brain can cause their smooth muscle to contract the arteriole Vasoconstriction ,
, narrowing ,
or relax to widen the arteriole
,
Vasodilation .
Smooth
·
muscle can also respond to hormones in blood .
The
-
form of
most efficient respiration which ,
releases the most
energy from a
given amount of
glucose is aerobic respiration .
The mammalian
circulatory system
made up
·
and
of a
pump , the heart , a
of
interconnecting tubes , blood vessels
system .
The blood travels
·
twice through the heart on one
double circulation
-
complete circuit .
Systematic "Blood
·
Circulation is pumped out of the left ventricle into the
↳
higher pressure
aorta and travels from there to all parts of the
body ,
except lungs , returning to the
right side , in vena cava
Pulmonary *
Blood pumped out of the ventricle into the
Circulation is then
right
pulmonary arteries ,
which
carry it to the lungs returning
,
to
the left side in
pulmonary veins .
·
:
that carries fluids around
Circulatory System System an
organisms body .
Blood Vessels
:
3
·
main
types of vessels arteries, veins, capillaries
Arteriers/veins >
·
have 3 layers blood
Smooth minimising friction with moving
,
,
>
- for easy blood flow
-
inner made of endothelium of flat
layer ,
a
layer of
consisting of a
layer ↳ Capillaries join
cells
, squamous epithelium (forming lining) fitting ,
like
jigsaw pieces , plus ef.
-
middle layer containing smooth muscle, collagen /elastic fibres .
-
Outer layer containing elastic/collagen fibres .
Veins and
-
venules
·
Return blood to the heart
By the time blood enters a vein pressure has dropped very low
, meaning that veins
have thin walls ,
With thinner middle
layer and less elastic/muscle fibres .
↳ low
pressure so semilunar values
↓
formed from endothelium
, -
Arteries
Vessel
·
with thick
, strong walls that carries
high pressure blood away from the heart.
Aorta-largest
·
artery
Composition
·
of walls provides great Strength and resilience .
Arteriers
·
further from the heart have fewer elastic fibres in the middle layer but
more muscle fibres .
Elastic
·
-
>
arteries
lots
-
of elastic tissue ,
little muscle tissue .
function carry :
it's journey
-
blood from the heart on the first part of to its
final destination .
Plasticity :
1) allow them to strech bursting
preventing a
2) Even out blood flow .
Muscular arteries
·
When blood rushes out at
high pressure, artery walls widen , strech,
As arteries divide into smaller vessels, proportion of muscle in their
reducing pressure a little .
·
walls increases and elastic tissue decreases When blood at lower
pressure enters walls recoil inwards
.
an
artery ,
function : take blood "push" , raising
-
from an elastic
artery and deliver it close to
giving the blood a
pressure.
its final destination.
Contain Smooth muscle , which is able to contract Slowly and Steadily to alter the internal diameter of the
artery and control Volume
of blood that can flow through it .
further divide to form arterioles, (smaller vessels)
-
.
Arterioles
-
narrowness provides resistance to blood flow causing it to slow down providing extra time for exchange of
, , gasses
and nutrients as blood flows through capillaries in tissues .
↳ Walls of arteriers have nerve
supply .
Nerve impulses
·
from the brain can cause their smooth muscle to contract the arteriole Vasoconstriction ,
, narrowing ,
or relax to widen the arteriole
,
Vasodilation .
Smooth
·
muscle can also respond to hormones in blood .
