ZOOL 2403 Boros Exam 3 TTU
2 Divisions of the ANS - ANS-Sympathetic(fight-or-flight(stimulating effect on the frame)) and
the parasympathetic(relaxation-and-digest(relax)) take turns, when one is up-regulated, the
opposite is down regulated.
2 main types of endocrine cells in pancreatic islets - ANS-Alpha and beta cells
three Components of the breathing membrane - ANS-1.Epithelial mobile(Type I mobile) lining
the alveolus
2. Thin Layer of connective tissue in between
3. Endothelial cellular lining a capillary
3 Layers of the eyeball - ANS-Outer layer
Middle Layer
Inner Layer
five cranial senses - ANS-olfaction, taste, vision, hearing and equilibrium
6 primary taste sensations - ANS-candy
salty
sour
sour
umami
water
Abdominal Cavity - ANS-bordered superiorly by means of the diaphragm, bordered inferiorly by
way of the pelvic hollow space
Lined by the peritoneum, serous membrane
Absorption - ANS-Movement of natural substrates, ions, nutrients, and water from lumen, across
the cells of the epithelial lining, into interstitial fluid
Absorptive cells - ANS-Contain microvilli to increase surface are for absorption
ACTH - ANS-Stimulates the release of steroids hormones by way of the adrenal cortex
Stimulated by CRH from the hypothalamus
Adrenal Cortex - ANS-Synthesizes steroid hormones:
Mineralocorticoids for the kidneys which increase sodium and water retention
Glucocorticoids which growth blood glucose
,Sex steroids which stimulate the onset of puberty
CRH launch from the hypothalamus stimulates ACTH launch form the pituitary which stimulates
release of these steroids from the adrenal gland
Adrenal Glands - ANS-Located along the advanced border of each kidney, they're subdivided
into an outer cortex and an inner medulla
Adrenal Medulla - ANS-Its secretory sports are controlled via the sympathetic fearful machine
Its cells produce epinephrine and norepinephrine-will increase coronary heart price and blood
pressure
Unlike the instantaneous modifications produced by way of those chemical compounds whilst
launched through nerves, these metabolic adjustments persist for several mins
benefit of the portal device - ANS-Allows cells in the hypothalamus to secrete very small
quantities of hormones into the primary set of capillaries
Allows those hormones to reach their target cells within the anterior pituitary vis the second one
set of capillaries, very unexpectedly, without being diluted inside the wellknown movement
Alarm Phase - ANS-An immediately reaction to stress
Is directed via ANS
Energy reserves mobilized
Fight or flight responses
Dominant hormone is epinephrine
Alpha Cells - ANS-Secrete glucagon which will increase blood glucose.
Increases the rates if glycogen breakdown and glucose manufactured with the aid of the liver
Alveolus - ANS-Its epithelial lining, easy squamous epithelium
Type I cells: O2- CO2 change
Type II Cells: produce surfactant, an oily secretion similar to soap
Its connective tissue layer contains capillaries, elastic fibers, and no extra easy muscle
Amazing responsibilities of the respiration device - ANS-Prevent contaminants within the air
from plugging the airway or entering into the blood
Get sufficient air near enough to blood for O2-CO2 exchange without a extensive water loss
Accomplish these responsibilities in a fairly compact area
ANS: a 2-neuron machine - ANS-Neuron #1 is referred to as the pre-ganglionic neuron whose
mobile bodies in the CNS synapse on neurons #2
Neuron #2 is referred to as the put up-ganglionic neuron, whose mobile our bodies placed in
ganglia inside the PNS, synapse on easy or cardiac muscle tissue inside the periphery
This permits the sign to be amplified or weakened or otherwise modified between its supply and
its goals
, Anterior lobe - ANS-Glandular
Developed from epithelium
Composed of endocrine cells
Appendix - ANS-Attached to posterior floor of the cecum
A narrow hollow vestigal, appendage
A lymphoid organ composed of lymphoid nodules
Arytenoid Cartilage - ANS-Attached to the cricoid cartilage
Attachment website online for vocal cords
Ascending colon - ANS-Begins at cecum, ascends on right facet of the stomach
Asthma - ANS-Excessive bronchoconstriction, due to an hypersensitive reaction and
inflammation
Results in severely limited airflow
Autonomic Nervous System - ANS-Innervates clean and cardiac muscle
Is involuntary
Coordinates easy or cardiac muscle contraction
2-neuron gadget
Beta Cells - ANS-Secretes the hormone insulin which decreases blood glucose and increases
the price of glucose uptake and utilization
Bile Canaliculi - ANS-Spaces between hepatocytes within a wall
Drain bile, synthesized by way of hepatocytes into bile duct
Bronchioconstriction - ANS-Constriction of the bronchial airways, resulting from parasympathetic
worried gadget, reasons muscle tissue to agreement, will increase resistance of air glide
Bronchodilation - ANS-Dilation of bronchial airways, caused by the sympathetic worried device,
it permits clean muscle to loosen up, and reduces resistance of air go with the flow
Calcitonin - ANS-Produced via the thyroid gland
High blood calcium results in boom of calcitonin release which decrease blood calcium via
increasing calcium excretion and reduce osteoclast hobby.
CCK cells - ANS-secrete cholecystokinin
stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes from the pancreas
bile from the liver through the gall bladder in to the small gut
Cecum - ANS-Expanded pouch like first component, receives cloth arriving from the ileum
2 Divisions of the ANS - ANS-Sympathetic(fight-or-flight(stimulating effect on the frame)) and
the parasympathetic(relaxation-and-digest(relax)) take turns, when one is up-regulated, the
opposite is down regulated.
2 main types of endocrine cells in pancreatic islets - ANS-Alpha and beta cells
three Components of the breathing membrane - ANS-1.Epithelial mobile(Type I mobile) lining
the alveolus
2. Thin Layer of connective tissue in between
3. Endothelial cellular lining a capillary
3 Layers of the eyeball - ANS-Outer layer
Middle Layer
Inner Layer
five cranial senses - ANS-olfaction, taste, vision, hearing and equilibrium
6 primary taste sensations - ANS-candy
salty
sour
sour
umami
water
Abdominal Cavity - ANS-bordered superiorly by means of the diaphragm, bordered inferiorly by
way of the pelvic hollow space
Lined by the peritoneum, serous membrane
Absorption - ANS-Movement of natural substrates, ions, nutrients, and water from lumen, across
the cells of the epithelial lining, into interstitial fluid
Absorptive cells - ANS-Contain microvilli to increase surface are for absorption
ACTH - ANS-Stimulates the release of steroids hormones by way of the adrenal cortex
Stimulated by CRH from the hypothalamus
Adrenal Cortex - ANS-Synthesizes steroid hormones:
Mineralocorticoids for the kidneys which increase sodium and water retention
Glucocorticoids which growth blood glucose
,Sex steroids which stimulate the onset of puberty
CRH launch from the hypothalamus stimulates ACTH launch form the pituitary which stimulates
release of these steroids from the adrenal gland
Adrenal Glands - ANS-Located along the advanced border of each kidney, they're subdivided
into an outer cortex and an inner medulla
Adrenal Medulla - ANS-Its secretory sports are controlled via the sympathetic fearful machine
Its cells produce epinephrine and norepinephrine-will increase coronary heart price and blood
pressure
Unlike the instantaneous modifications produced by way of those chemical compounds whilst
launched through nerves, these metabolic adjustments persist for several mins
benefit of the portal device - ANS-Allows cells in the hypothalamus to secrete very small
quantities of hormones into the primary set of capillaries
Allows those hormones to reach their target cells within the anterior pituitary vis the second one
set of capillaries, very unexpectedly, without being diluted inside the wellknown movement
Alarm Phase - ANS-An immediately reaction to stress
Is directed via ANS
Energy reserves mobilized
Fight or flight responses
Dominant hormone is epinephrine
Alpha Cells - ANS-Secrete glucagon which will increase blood glucose.
Increases the rates if glycogen breakdown and glucose manufactured with the aid of the liver
Alveolus - ANS-Its epithelial lining, easy squamous epithelium
Type I cells: O2- CO2 change
Type II Cells: produce surfactant, an oily secretion similar to soap
Its connective tissue layer contains capillaries, elastic fibers, and no extra easy muscle
Amazing responsibilities of the respiration device - ANS-Prevent contaminants within the air
from plugging the airway or entering into the blood
Get sufficient air near enough to blood for O2-CO2 exchange without a extensive water loss
Accomplish these responsibilities in a fairly compact area
ANS: a 2-neuron machine - ANS-Neuron #1 is referred to as the pre-ganglionic neuron whose
mobile bodies in the CNS synapse on neurons #2
Neuron #2 is referred to as the put up-ganglionic neuron, whose mobile our bodies placed in
ganglia inside the PNS, synapse on easy or cardiac muscle tissue inside the periphery
This permits the sign to be amplified or weakened or otherwise modified between its supply and
its goals
, Anterior lobe - ANS-Glandular
Developed from epithelium
Composed of endocrine cells
Appendix - ANS-Attached to posterior floor of the cecum
A narrow hollow vestigal, appendage
A lymphoid organ composed of lymphoid nodules
Arytenoid Cartilage - ANS-Attached to the cricoid cartilage
Attachment website online for vocal cords
Ascending colon - ANS-Begins at cecum, ascends on right facet of the stomach
Asthma - ANS-Excessive bronchoconstriction, due to an hypersensitive reaction and
inflammation
Results in severely limited airflow
Autonomic Nervous System - ANS-Innervates clean and cardiac muscle
Is involuntary
Coordinates easy or cardiac muscle contraction
2-neuron gadget
Beta Cells - ANS-Secretes the hormone insulin which decreases blood glucose and increases
the price of glucose uptake and utilization
Bile Canaliculi - ANS-Spaces between hepatocytes within a wall
Drain bile, synthesized by way of hepatocytes into bile duct
Bronchioconstriction - ANS-Constriction of the bronchial airways, resulting from parasympathetic
worried gadget, reasons muscle tissue to agreement, will increase resistance of air glide
Bronchodilation - ANS-Dilation of bronchial airways, caused by the sympathetic worried device,
it permits clean muscle to loosen up, and reduces resistance of air go with the flow
Calcitonin - ANS-Produced via the thyroid gland
High blood calcium results in boom of calcitonin release which decrease blood calcium via
increasing calcium excretion and reduce osteoclast hobby.
CCK cells - ANS-secrete cholecystokinin
stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes from the pancreas
bile from the liver through the gall bladder in to the small gut
Cecum - ANS-Expanded pouch like first component, receives cloth arriving from the ileum
