EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE IN NURSING AND
HEALTHCARE FINAL PAPER 2026 COMPLETE
ANSWERS RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PRACTICE RESOURCE
◉ Collect the best evidence- what kind and includes.
Answer: • Search for evidence!
• *Evidence includes but is not limited to*: agency policy and
procedure manuals, quality improvement data, existing clinical
practice guidelines, agency experts, staff educators, risk managers,
infection control nurses, and peer reviewed articles (specifically
within the most recent 5 years from the present date)
◉ Critically appraise the evidence you gather.
Answer: • The most difficult step in the EBP process
• Involves evaluation, determining if information is valuable and can
be easily applied, and if there is enough evidence for making a
nursing practice change
• Thorough review of elements included in evidence-based articles
◉ Integrate the evidence.
Answer: • How will you incorporate the evidence into practice?
,• Integrate evidence with use of teaching tools, clinical practice
guidelines, policies and procedures, and new assessment
documentation tools
• Consider staff support and available resources
• Conduct a pilot study and attempt to answer your PICOT question
◉ Evaluate and share outcomes.
Answer: • Did it work? Is it effective?
• Communicate the results to various groups of nurses or other care
providers (facility nursing practice council or research committee)
◉ PICO four-step process.
Answer: *P* - population of interest
*I* - intervention
*C* - comparison
*O* - outcome
◉ Utilization of the research process.
Answer: • Identification of a researchable problem
• Review of the literature
• Formulation of the research question or hypothesis
• Design of the study
,• Implementation of the study
• Drawing conclusions based on findings
• Discussion of clinical implications
• Dissemination of findings
◉ Identification of a researchable problem.
Answer: • Sources:
* clinical situations
* the literature
* theories
• Repeat the study or design a similar one
• Test theoretical models
◉ Review of the literature.
Answer: • Comprehensive and covers all relevant research
• Essential to locate similar or related studies that have already been
completed and on which a new study can build
• Answer the question "what have other researchers and theorists
written about this problem?"
◉ Two major categories in designing study.
Answer: *experimental* (require quantitative methodology)
, *nonexperimental* (can be quantitative or qualitative methodology)
◉ Implementation of the study involves two main task:.
Answer: *Data collection* (collected by those familiar with the
study)
*Data analysis* (arrange information into meaningful patterns
◉ Drawing conclusions based on findings, Answer the question:.
Answer: "What do these findings mean?"
◉ Discussion of clinical implications.
Answer: • Suggest actions that can be taken as a result of the
research findings in the future
• Other questions to answer: Will the procedure be effective with
patients who have a different diagnosis? • Will age make a
difference? What else do we need to know to improve the care of
patients?
• Also known as the rigor (potential threats to the validity and
reliability of the study)
◉ Dissemination of findings two major vehicles:.
Answer: • Articles published in professional journals
• Presentations given at conferences
HEALTHCARE FINAL PAPER 2026 COMPLETE
ANSWERS RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
PRACTICE RESOURCE
◉ Collect the best evidence- what kind and includes.
Answer: • Search for evidence!
• *Evidence includes but is not limited to*: agency policy and
procedure manuals, quality improvement data, existing clinical
practice guidelines, agency experts, staff educators, risk managers,
infection control nurses, and peer reviewed articles (specifically
within the most recent 5 years from the present date)
◉ Critically appraise the evidence you gather.
Answer: • The most difficult step in the EBP process
• Involves evaluation, determining if information is valuable and can
be easily applied, and if there is enough evidence for making a
nursing practice change
• Thorough review of elements included in evidence-based articles
◉ Integrate the evidence.
Answer: • How will you incorporate the evidence into practice?
,• Integrate evidence with use of teaching tools, clinical practice
guidelines, policies and procedures, and new assessment
documentation tools
• Consider staff support and available resources
• Conduct a pilot study and attempt to answer your PICOT question
◉ Evaluate and share outcomes.
Answer: • Did it work? Is it effective?
• Communicate the results to various groups of nurses or other care
providers (facility nursing practice council or research committee)
◉ PICO four-step process.
Answer: *P* - population of interest
*I* - intervention
*C* - comparison
*O* - outcome
◉ Utilization of the research process.
Answer: • Identification of a researchable problem
• Review of the literature
• Formulation of the research question or hypothesis
• Design of the study
,• Implementation of the study
• Drawing conclusions based on findings
• Discussion of clinical implications
• Dissemination of findings
◉ Identification of a researchable problem.
Answer: • Sources:
* clinical situations
* the literature
* theories
• Repeat the study or design a similar one
• Test theoretical models
◉ Review of the literature.
Answer: • Comprehensive and covers all relevant research
• Essential to locate similar or related studies that have already been
completed and on which a new study can build
• Answer the question "what have other researchers and theorists
written about this problem?"
◉ Two major categories in designing study.
Answer: *experimental* (require quantitative methodology)
, *nonexperimental* (can be quantitative or qualitative methodology)
◉ Implementation of the study involves two main task:.
Answer: *Data collection* (collected by those familiar with the
study)
*Data analysis* (arrange information into meaningful patterns
◉ Drawing conclusions based on findings, Answer the question:.
Answer: "What do these findings mean?"
◉ Discussion of clinical implications.
Answer: • Suggest actions that can be taken as a result of the
research findings in the future
• Other questions to answer: Will the procedure be effective with
patients who have a different diagnosis? • Will age make a
difference? What else do we need to know to improve the care of
patients?
• Also known as the rigor (potential threats to the validity and
reliability of the study)
◉ Dissemination of findings two major vehicles:.
Answer: • Articles published in professional journals
• Presentations given at conferences
