Biology EOC Review | End-of-Course Exam Questions & Verified Answers | Complete Study Guide
analogous structures structures that do not have a common evolutionary origin but are similar in
form or function
anaphase the third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome pairs separate and
move toward opposite poles
antibiotic compound that blocks the growth and reproduction of bacteria
antibody a substance produced by the body that destroys or inactivates a pathogen that
has entered the body
antigen substance (usually foreign) that stimulates the production of an antibody
archaea domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls that do not contain
peptidoglycan
ATP a nucleotide that stores and transfers energy within cells
autotroph organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to
produce its own food; also called a producer
bacteria domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls containing
peptidoglycans
bacteriophage virus that infects bacteria
base deletion mutation which results in the loss of nucleotide pairs in a gene; have a major
effect on the resulting protein
base insertion mutation which results in the addition of nucleotide pairs in a gene; have a
major effect on the resulting protein
base-pair substitution a type of point mutation where one nucleotide and its partner are replaced by
another pair of nucleotides
behavioral adaptation an inherited behavior that helps an organism survive; like escaping from
predators or find a mate
binary fission asexual reproduction in prokaryotes by which one cell divides into two
identical cells
fetus an unborn or unhatched vertebrate in the later stages of development showing
the main recognizable features of the mature animal
, Biology EOC Review | End-of-Course Exam Questions & Verified Answers | Complete Study Guide
fever a rise in the temperature of the body
fitness the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its specific environment
food chain a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten
food web a diagram that shows the feeding relationships between organisms in an
ecosystem
fossil the remains (or an impression) of a plant or animal that existed in a past
geological age and that has been excavated from the soil
gamete egg or sperm sex cell that contains a single set of chromosomes (haploid), one
from each homologous pair
gene sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait
binomial nomenclature Classification system in which each species is assigned a two-part scientific
name including the genus and species
biodiversity the variety of different species in a given area
biogeochemical cycle process in which elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter
are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere
to another; like the carbon and nitrogen cycle
biomass the total amount of living matter within a given trophic level
capsid the outer covering of protein surrounding the nucleic acid of a virus
carbohydrate organic compound used by cells to store and release energy; composed of
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
carbon cycle the organic circulation of carbon from the atmosphere into organisms and back
again
carnivore a consumer that only eats other consumers
analogous structures structures that do not have a common evolutionary origin but are similar in
form or function
anaphase the third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome pairs separate and
move toward opposite poles
antibiotic compound that blocks the growth and reproduction of bacteria
antibody a substance produced by the body that destroys or inactivates a pathogen that
has entered the body
antigen substance (usually foreign) that stimulates the production of an antibody
archaea domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls that do not contain
peptidoglycan
ATP a nucleotide that stores and transfers energy within cells
autotroph organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to
produce its own food; also called a producer
bacteria domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls containing
peptidoglycans
bacteriophage virus that infects bacteria
base deletion mutation which results in the loss of nucleotide pairs in a gene; have a major
effect on the resulting protein
base insertion mutation which results in the addition of nucleotide pairs in a gene; have a
major effect on the resulting protein
base-pair substitution a type of point mutation where one nucleotide and its partner are replaced by
another pair of nucleotides
behavioral adaptation an inherited behavior that helps an organism survive; like escaping from
predators or find a mate
binary fission asexual reproduction in prokaryotes by which one cell divides into two
identical cells
fetus an unborn or unhatched vertebrate in the later stages of development showing
the main recognizable features of the mature animal
, Biology EOC Review | End-of-Course Exam Questions & Verified Answers | Complete Study Guide
fever a rise in the temperature of the body
fitness the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its specific environment
food chain a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten
food web a diagram that shows the feeding relationships between organisms in an
ecosystem
fossil the remains (or an impression) of a plant or animal that existed in a past
geological age and that has been excavated from the soil
gamete egg or sperm sex cell that contains a single set of chromosomes (haploid), one
from each homologous pair
gene sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait
binomial nomenclature Classification system in which each species is assigned a two-part scientific
name including the genus and species
biodiversity the variety of different species in a given area
biogeochemical cycle process in which elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter
are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere
to another; like the carbon and nitrogen cycle
biomass the total amount of living matter within a given trophic level
capsid the outer covering of protein surrounding the nucleic acid of a virus
carbohydrate organic compound used by cells to store and release energy; composed of
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
carbon cycle the organic circulation of carbon from the atmosphere into organisms and back
again
carnivore a consumer that only eats other consumers
