ATI SAFETY AND INFECTION LATEST
CONTROL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2026 - 2027
all micro-organisms (regardless of previous exposure) - ANSWERS-
what does nonspecific innate immune defense respond to?
intact skin, mucus membranes, secretions, enzymes, phagocytes,
protective proteins - ANSWERS-components of the nonspecific innate
immune response
intact skin - ANSWERS-body's first line of defense
specific adaptive - ANSWERS-immune defenses: adaptive immunity
that allows the body to make antibodies in response to a foreign
organisms
identifiable micro-organisms - ANSWERS-what does specific adaptive
immune defense respond to
specific adaptive - ANSWERS-immune defenses: response that provides
permanent immunity
END OF
PAGE
1
,ATI SAFETY AND INFECTION LATEST
CONTROL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2026 - 2027
B, T lymphocytes - ANSWERS-cell component of specific adaptive
immune defense
phagocytes - ANSWERS-cell component of nonspecific innate immune
defense
humans, animals, water, soil, insects - ANSWERS-examples of
reservoirs
respiratory, GI, GU tract, skin/mucous membranes, blood/body fluids -
ANSWERS-5 portals of exits of micro-organisms
tb, strep pneumoniae - ANSWERS-pathogens that exit from the
respiratory tract
shigella, salmonella enteritidis/typhi, hep A - ANSWERS-pathogens that
exit from the GI tract
END OF
PAGE
2
,ATI SAFETY AND INFECTION LATEST
CONTROL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2026 - 2027
E coli, hep A, herpes type 1, HIV - ANSWERS-pathogens that exit from
the GU tract
herpex simplex, varicella - ANSWERS-pathogens that exit from the
skin/mucous membranes
HIV, hep B/C - ANSWERS-pathogens that exit from the blood/body
fluids
direct - ANSWERS-contact: person to person
indirect - ANSWERS-contact: object to person
fecal-oral - ANSWERS-contact: handling food after using a restroom
and facing to wash hands
sneezing, coughing, talking - ANSWERS-how to transmit droplets
END OF
PAGE
3
, ATI SAFETY AND INFECTION LATEST
CONTROL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2026 - 2027
sneezing, coughing - ANSWERS-how to transmit airborne pathogens
incubation - ANSWERS-stages of infection: interval between the
pathogen entering the body and the presentation of the first symptom
prodromal - ANSWERS-stages of infection: interval from onset of
general symptoms to more distinct symptoms: pathogen is multiplying
illness - ANSWERS-stages of infection: interval when symptoms
specific to the infection occur
convalescence - ANSWERS-stages of infection: interval when acute
symptoms disappear, can take days to months
immunocompromised - ANSWERS-risk of infection:
immunocompromised, surgery, indwelling devices, break in skin, poor
oxygenation, impaired circulation, chronic/acute disease such as
diabetes, adrenal insufficiency, renal failure, hepatic failure, chronic
lung disease
END OF
PAGE
4
CONTROL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2026 - 2027
all micro-organisms (regardless of previous exposure) - ANSWERS-
what does nonspecific innate immune defense respond to?
intact skin, mucus membranes, secretions, enzymes, phagocytes,
protective proteins - ANSWERS-components of the nonspecific innate
immune response
intact skin - ANSWERS-body's first line of defense
specific adaptive - ANSWERS-immune defenses: adaptive immunity
that allows the body to make antibodies in response to a foreign
organisms
identifiable micro-organisms - ANSWERS-what does specific adaptive
immune defense respond to
specific adaptive - ANSWERS-immune defenses: response that provides
permanent immunity
END OF
PAGE
1
,ATI SAFETY AND INFECTION LATEST
CONTROL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2026 - 2027
B, T lymphocytes - ANSWERS-cell component of specific adaptive
immune defense
phagocytes - ANSWERS-cell component of nonspecific innate immune
defense
humans, animals, water, soil, insects - ANSWERS-examples of
reservoirs
respiratory, GI, GU tract, skin/mucous membranes, blood/body fluids -
ANSWERS-5 portals of exits of micro-organisms
tb, strep pneumoniae - ANSWERS-pathogens that exit from the
respiratory tract
shigella, salmonella enteritidis/typhi, hep A - ANSWERS-pathogens that
exit from the GI tract
END OF
PAGE
2
,ATI SAFETY AND INFECTION LATEST
CONTROL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2026 - 2027
E coli, hep A, herpes type 1, HIV - ANSWERS-pathogens that exit from
the GU tract
herpex simplex, varicella - ANSWERS-pathogens that exit from the
skin/mucous membranes
HIV, hep B/C - ANSWERS-pathogens that exit from the blood/body
fluids
direct - ANSWERS-contact: person to person
indirect - ANSWERS-contact: object to person
fecal-oral - ANSWERS-contact: handling food after using a restroom
and facing to wash hands
sneezing, coughing, talking - ANSWERS-how to transmit droplets
END OF
PAGE
3
, ATI SAFETY AND INFECTION LATEST
CONTROL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2026 - 2027
sneezing, coughing - ANSWERS-how to transmit airborne pathogens
incubation - ANSWERS-stages of infection: interval between the
pathogen entering the body and the presentation of the first symptom
prodromal - ANSWERS-stages of infection: interval from onset of
general symptoms to more distinct symptoms: pathogen is multiplying
illness - ANSWERS-stages of infection: interval when symptoms
specific to the infection occur
convalescence - ANSWERS-stages of infection: interval when acute
symptoms disappear, can take days to months
immunocompromised - ANSWERS-risk of infection:
immunocompromised, surgery, indwelling devices, break in skin, poor
oxygenation, impaired circulation, chronic/acute disease such as
diabetes, adrenal insufficiency, renal failure, hepatic failure, chronic
lung disease
END OF
PAGE
4
