AICE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT STUDY
EXAMS GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔dependency ratio formula - ✔✔(((% under 15) + (% over 65))/(% between 15 and
65))x100
✔✔reasons for differences between the population structures of HICs and LICs -
✔✔HIC's often have higher GDP, healthcare, prenatal care, lower levels of pollution,
lower levels of infant mortality, higher levels of sanitation and tend to have stable, slow
growing or even declining populations.
LIC's often have the opposite. This leads to their population having a higher total fertility
rate which leads to a large number of individuals in the pre-reproductive age group. This
will lead to the population increasing rapidly in the future.
✔✔Impacts of an ageing population - ✔✔Taxes - Less working people so less tax
revenue for infrastructure and other government services. Pension - More retired
individuals puts a strain on the amount of funds that are available for
retirement/pensions. Healthcare - increased strain on the health care system because
older individuals tend to have more health problems than younger individuals.
Retirement Age - The government might have to increase the age at which retirement
funds are distributed and thus raise the retirement age so people would be working
longer in life.
✔✔Describe how education for women, education about contraception and access to
contraception and health care is the most effective way to manage population growth. -
✔✔Educating women gives them career opportunities so they can make their own
money. Educated women often have fewer children and have them later in life. Giving
women the opportunity to have birth control also helps to slow population growth
because they are able to be in charge of how many children they have in their life.
✔✔A policy for managing populations from UN - ✔✔They have several policies and
initiatives on managing immigration.
, ✔✔A policy for managing populations from Club of Rome - ✔✔resource conservation
through agenda of limiting population growth and promoting sustainable economic
development in order to address perceived problems of environmental degradation.
✔✔A policy for managing populations from Agenda 21 - ✔✔To promote an open, non-
discriminatory and equitable multilateral trading system that will enable all countries - in
particular, the developing countries - to improve their economic structures and improve
the standard of living of their populations through sustained economic development
✔✔Agenda 21 - ✔✔UN program to make development environmentally and socially
sustainable in the 21st century
✔✔Club of Rome - ✔✔a group of social and natural scientists created in 1968 to
examine the future predicament of humankind. Their 1972 study, Limits of Growth,
helped shape the debate over the interrelated issues of global population growth,
resource depletion, and environmental degradation
✔✔rainforest biome - ✔✔year round warmth and high rainfall levels. almost all lie near
the equator in South America, central Africa and southern Asia. Very nutrient poor soil.
✔✔temperate forest biome - ✔✔made of a mix of deciduous and evergreen trees. fertile
soils with rich humus layers. 4 seasons with warm summers and cold winters
✔✔temperate grassland - ✔✔a community (or biome) that is dominated by grasses, has
few trees, and is characterized by cold winters and rainfall that is intermediate between
that of a forest and a desert
✔✔tropical grassland - ✔✔grasses and scattered trees adapted to a tropical wet and
dry climate
✔✔tundra biome - ✔✔very short cold summers and very long and extremely cold
winters with strong winds and little precipitation. contains permafrost
✔✔Desert Biome - ✔✔very little rainfall with soils rich in minerals but poor in nutrients.
temperature, elevation, and latitude can vary greatly
✔✔primary succession - ✔✔succession that occurs on surfaces where no soil exists.
Takes an extremely long time.
✔✔secondary succession - ✔✔Succession following a disturbance that destroys a
community without destroying the soil
✔✔primary succession pioneer species - ✔✔mosses and lichens
EXAMS GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔dependency ratio formula - ✔✔(((% under 15) + (% over 65))/(% between 15 and
65))x100
✔✔reasons for differences between the population structures of HICs and LICs -
✔✔HIC's often have higher GDP, healthcare, prenatal care, lower levels of pollution,
lower levels of infant mortality, higher levels of sanitation and tend to have stable, slow
growing or even declining populations.
LIC's often have the opposite. This leads to their population having a higher total fertility
rate which leads to a large number of individuals in the pre-reproductive age group. This
will lead to the population increasing rapidly in the future.
✔✔Impacts of an ageing population - ✔✔Taxes - Less working people so less tax
revenue for infrastructure and other government services. Pension - More retired
individuals puts a strain on the amount of funds that are available for
retirement/pensions. Healthcare - increased strain on the health care system because
older individuals tend to have more health problems than younger individuals.
Retirement Age - The government might have to increase the age at which retirement
funds are distributed and thus raise the retirement age so people would be working
longer in life.
✔✔Describe how education for women, education about contraception and access to
contraception and health care is the most effective way to manage population growth. -
✔✔Educating women gives them career opportunities so they can make their own
money. Educated women often have fewer children and have them later in life. Giving
women the opportunity to have birth control also helps to slow population growth
because they are able to be in charge of how many children they have in their life.
✔✔A policy for managing populations from UN - ✔✔They have several policies and
initiatives on managing immigration.
, ✔✔A policy for managing populations from Club of Rome - ✔✔resource conservation
through agenda of limiting population growth and promoting sustainable economic
development in order to address perceived problems of environmental degradation.
✔✔A policy for managing populations from Agenda 21 - ✔✔To promote an open, non-
discriminatory and equitable multilateral trading system that will enable all countries - in
particular, the developing countries - to improve their economic structures and improve
the standard of living of their populations through sustained economic development
✔✔Agenda 21 - ✔✔UN program to make development environmentally and socially
sustainable in the 21st century
✔✔Club of Rome - ✔✔a group of social and natural scientists created in 1968 to
examine the future predicament of humankind. Their 1972 study, Limits of Growth,
helped shape the debate over the interrelated issues of global population growth,
resource depletion, and environmental degradation
✔✔rainforest biome - ✔✔year round warmth and high rainfall levels. almost all lie near
the equator in South America, central Africa and southern Asia. Very nutrient poor soil.
✔✔temperate forest biome - ✔✔made of a mix of deciduous and evergreen trees. fertile
soils with rich humus layers. 4 seasons with warm summers and cold winters
✔✔temperate grassland - ✔✔a community (or biome) that is dominated by grasses, has
few trees, and is characterized by cold winters and rainfall that is intermediate between
that of a forest and a desert
✔✔tropical grassland - ✔✔grasses and scattered trees adapted to a tropical wet and
dry climate
✔✔tundra biome - ✔✔very short cold summers and very long and extremely cold
winters with strong winds and little precipitation. contains permafrost
✔✔Desert Biome - ✔✔very little rainfall with soils rich in minerals but poor in nutrients.
temperature, elevation, and latitude can vary greatly
✔✔primary succession - ✔✔succession that occurs on surfaces where no soil exists.
Takes an extremely long time.
✔✔secondary succession - ✔✔Succession following a disturbance that destroys a
community without destroying the soil
✔✔primary succession pioneer species - ✔✔mosses and lichens
