AICE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT UPDATED
TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔independent variable - ✔✔variable that is manipulated/changed/whos effect is being
studied.
✔✔dependent variable - ✔✔The measurable effect, outcome, or response in which the
research is interested.
✔✔Reliable Data - ✔✔Data that is consistent and repeatable
✔✔Bias data - ✔✔Occurs when the experimenter purposely manipulates the results in a
way that will prove their hypothesis is true
✔✔Early climate data - ✔✔limited amount of historical data, can be re-examined using
proxy data such as ice cores, tree rings and coral growth rings.
✔✔present climate data - ✔✔development of scientific theory • advances in technology
(Satellites, Geospatial systems and monitoring, computer models)
✔✔random sampling - ✔✔a sample that fairly represents a population because each
member has an equal chance of inclusion
✔✔systemic sampling - ✔✔select some starting point and then select every nth element
in the population
✔✔transect sampling - ✔✔a line randomly crosses a space and any organisms that are
close to the line are counted.
✔✔factors influence suitability of sampling - ✔✔size, ease of access, knowledge of the
environment.
, ✔✔Quadrats - ✔✔square frames (usually 1m x1m) used in estimating abundance in
plants or slow-moving animals
✔✔Grid quadrat - ✔✔The same as a frame quadrat but containing smaller internal
division, used to estimate percentage cover
✔✔Open frame quadrat - ✔✔used to measure the density per metre squared of
organisms such as mussels or dandelions
✔✔Point quadrat - ✔✔A horizontal bar on two legs with a series of holes set at intervals
along its length, through which pins are dropped. Can be used to investigate the
abundance and distribution of organisms in an area.
✔✔Pitfall trap - ✔✔Sampling technique used to trap animals living on the soil surface or
in leaf litter.
✔✔Sweep netting - ✔✔sampling method using a fine net swept through the air and then
closed at the neck. Used for sampling flying insects
✔✔Beating trays method - ✔✔A cloth that is usually stretched out using a frame. The
frame is then held under a tree or shrub and the foliage is then shaken. Invertebrates
fall from the foliage and land on the cloth. They can then be examined or collected.
✔✔Kick sampling - ✔✔Used to study river organism, sediment is kicked up and a net
downstream catches any organisms for a set period of time
✔✔light traps - ✔✔A method of sampling populations of night-flying organisms that are
attracted to lights, especially moths.
✔✔Capture-mark-recapture - ✔✔The method involves capturing a number of animals,
marking them, releasing them back into the population, and then determining the ratio of
marked to unmarked animals in the population. Also known as The Lincoln Index, a
process which is used to estimate the size of populations which are very mobile and
difficult to survey.
✔✔Water turbidity - ✔✔Turbidity (from sediment) reduces the amount of light
penetrating the water column, thus depressing primary productivity.
✔✔questionaire data - ✔✔facts and figures obtained by asking people about their
attitudes, awareness, intentions, and behaviors
✔✔Lincoln Index - ✔✔a way to measure the abundance of small motile organisms
(catch 1 x catch 2) / marked in catch 2
TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔independent variable - ✔✔variable that is manipulated/changed/whos effect is being
studied.
✔✔dependent variable - ✔✔The measurable effect, outcome, or response in which the
research is interested.
✔✔Reliable Data - ✔✔Data that is consistent and repeatable
✔✔Bias data - ✔✔Occurs when the experimenter purposely manipulates the results in a
way that will prove their hypothesis is true
✔✔Early climate data - ✔✔limited amount of historical data, can be re-examined using
proxy data such as ice cores, tree rings and coral growth rings.
✔✔present climate data - ✔✔development of scientific theory • advances in technology
(Satellites, Geospatial systems and monitoring, computer models)
✔✔random sampling - ✔✔a sample that fairly represents a population because each
member has an equal chance of inclusion
✔✔systemic sampling - ✔✔select some starting point and then select every nth element
in the population
✔✔transect sampling - ✔✔a line randomly crosses a space and any organisms that are
close to the line are counted.
✔✔factors influence suitability of sampling - ✔✔size, ease of access, knowledge of the
environment.
, ✔✔Quadrats - ✔✔square frames (usually 1m x1m) used in estimating abundance in
plants or slow-moving animals
✔✔Grid quadrat - ✔✔The same as a frame quadrat but containing smaller internal
division, used to estimate percentage cover
✔✔Open frame quadrat - ✔✔used to measure the density per metre squared of
organisms such as mussels or dandelions
✔✔Point quadrat - ✔✔A horizontal bar on two legs with a series of holes set at intervals
along its length, through which pins are dropped. Can be used to investigate the
abundance and distribution of organisms in an area.
✔✔Pitfall trap - ✔✔Sampling technique used to trap animals living on the soil surface or
in leaf litter.
✔✔Sweep netting - ✔✔sampling method using a fine net swept through the air and then
closed at the neck. Used for sampling flying insects
✔✔Beating trays method - ✔✔A cloth that is usually stretched out using a frame. The
frame is then held under a tree or shrub and the foliage is then shaken. Invertebrates
fall from the foliage and land on the cloth. They can then be examined or collected.
✔✔Kick sampling - ✔✔Used to study river organism, sediment is kicked up and a net
downstream catches any organisms for a set period of time
✔✔light traps - ✔✔A method of sampling populations of night-flying organisms that are
attracted to lights, especially moths.
✔✔Capture-mark-recapture - ✔✔The method involves capturing a number of animals,
marking them, releasing them back into the population, and then determining the ratio of
marked to unmarked animals in the population. Also known as The Lincoln Index, a
process which is used to estimate the size of populations which are very mobile and
difficult to survey.
✔✔Water turbidity - ✔✔Turbidity (from sediment) reduces the amount of light
penetrating the water column, thus depressing primary productivity.
✔✔questionaire data - ✔✔facts and figures obtained by asking people about their
attitudes, awareness, intentions, and behaviors
✔✔Lincoln Index - ✔✔a way to measure the abundance of small motile organisms
(catch 1 x catch 2) / marked in catch 2
