AICE PSYCHOLOGY ACTUAL FINALS QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔Yamamoto Sample - ✔✔opportunity sample of 5 mother offspring pairs
IV: "Can See" & "Cannot See" conditions
✔✔Yamamoto Results - ✔✔A1: To investigate whether chimpanzees have the ability
and flexibility to help another chimpanzee depending on its specific needs.
A2: The research team had also noted that chimpanzees seldom help others without
being asked and the team wanted to investigate this too.
In first "Can See" condition, irrespective of which tool was chosen, 90.8% of trials,
something was offered from the box to help with the task
Of these offers, 90% came after the other chimp requested help
In the "Cannot See" condition, 95.8% time chimp offered something from the box
Of these, 71.7% came after the request
In the second "Can See", Only 3 chimps were tested (Ai, Cleo, Pal)
97.4% trials, something was offered from the box, with upon-request offers accounting
for 79.4%
Stick or straw were offered most frequently first (Ai 81.3%; Cleo 95.7%; Pal 100%
They correct tool needed most often
✔✔Bandura Sample - ✔✔Subjects: 72 total- 1:1 M:F, 36 boys and 36 girls from the
Stanford University Nursery School
Age Range: 37-69 months old, x=52 months
(3 years to almost 6 years old)
✔✔Bandura Results - ✔✔Aim: To demonstrate that learning can occur through mere
observation of a model and that imitation can occur in the absence of that model
, Children from the aggressive model group showed significantly more imitation of the
model's physical & verbal aggression and non-aggressive verbal responses (H1)
Children from the aggressive model group showed more partial imitation & non-imitative
physical & verbal aggression (but not to a sig. degree) (H1)
Children from the non-aggressive model group showed very little aggression (but not
always sig. less than the control)(H2)
In the non-aggressive group, the male model had a significant inhibiting effect on the
children (H2)
Boys displayed sig. more imitative physical & verbal aggression with male model
Girls displayed more verbal imitative
aggression & non-imitative aggression with female model (but a not sig. diff.) (H4)
✔✔Saavedra Sample - ✔✔9 year old Hispanic American Boy
Sampling Technique: Opportunity
✔✔Saavedra Results - ✔✔Aim: To use exposure therapy to treat a Specific Phobia in a
child with emotions of fear and disgust related to buttons.
No longer qualified for Diagnosis of Specific Phobia under DSM-IV
Minimal distress about buttons and more willing to approach buttons was found
The boy continued wearing clear plastic buttons on school uniform
Two key results: Where boy had to imagine 100's of buttons falling on him, he rated
experience as an 8 at beginning, 5 midway and 3 by the end. Where boy had to hug
mother wearing shirt with many buttons, distress ratings went from 7 to 4 to 3
respectively. (Imagery sessions)
✔✔Pepperberg Sample - ✔✔one African Grey parrot named Alex
While this study required 26 months of training, Pepperberg had been working with him
since 1977 (he lived from 1976 to 2007) *opportunity sample*
✔✔Pepperberg Results - ✔✔Aim: could a parrot use vocalizations to demonstrate an
understanding of the concepts 'same' and 'different'.
Familiar: (69.7%) correct responses - first trials ONLY
76.7%) correct responses overall - first trials AND correction procedures
Novel: 82.3%) correct responses - first trials
85%) correct responses - overall - first trials AND correction procedures
AND ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔Yamamoto Sample - ✔✔opportunity sample of 5 mother offspring pairs
IV: "Can See" & "Cannot See" conditions
✔✔Yamamoto Results - ✔✔A1: To investigate whether chimpanzees have the ability
and flexibility to help another chimpanzee depending on its specific needs.
A2: The research team had also noted that chimpanzees seldom help others without
being asked and the team wanted to investigate this too.
In first "Can See" condition, irrespective of which tool was chosen, 90.8% of trials,
something was offered from the box to help with the task
Of these offers, 90% came after the other chimp requested help
In the "Cannot See" condition, 95.8% time chimp offered something from the box
Of these, 71.7% came after the request
In the second "Can See", Only 3 chimps were tested (Ai, Cleo, Pal)
97.4% trials, something was offered from the box, with upon-request offers accounting
for 79.4%
Stick or straw were offered most frequently first (Ai 81.3%; Cleo 95.7%; Pal 100%
They correct tool needed most often
✔✔Bandura Sample - ✔✔Subjects: 72 total- 1:1 M:F, 36 boys and 36 girls from the
Stanford University Nursery School
Age Range: 37-69 months old, x=52 months
(3 years to almost 6 years old)
✔✔Bandura Results - ✔✔Aim: To demonstrate that learning can occur through mere
observation of a model and that imitation can occur in the absence of that model
, Children from the aggressive model group showed significantly more imitation of the
model's physical & verbal aggression and non-aggressive verbal responses (H1)
Children from the aggressive model group showed more partial imitation & non-imitative
physical & verbal aggression (but not to a sig. degree) (H1)
Children from the non-aggressive model group showed very little aggression (but not
always sig. less than the control)(H2)
In the non-aggressive group, the male model had a significant inhibiting effect on the
children (H2)
Boys displayed sig. more imitative physical & verbal aggression with male model
Girls displayed more verbal imitative
aggression & non-imitative aggression with female model (but a not sig. diff.) (H4)
✔✔Saavedra Sample - ✔✔9 year old Hispanic American Boy
Sampling Technique: Opportunity
✔✔Saavedra Results - ✔✔Aim: To use exposure therapy to treat a Specific Phobia in a
child with emotions of fear and disgust related to buttons.
No longer qualified for Diagnosis of Specific Phobia under DSM-IV
Minimal distress about buttons and more willing to approach buttons was found
The boy continued wearing clear plastic buttons on school uniform
Two key results: Where boy had to imagine 100's of buttons falling on him, he rated
experience as an 8 at beginning, 5 midway and 3 by the end. Where boy had to hug
mother wearing shirt with many buttons, distress ratings went from 7 to 4 to 3
respectively. (Imagery sessions)
✔✔Pepperberg Sample - ✔✔one African Grey parrot named Alex
While this study required 26 months of training, Pepperberg had been working with him
since 1977 (he lived from 1976 to 2007) *opportunity sample*
✔✔Pepperberg Results - ✔✔Aim: could a parrot use vocalizations to demonstrate an
understanding of the concepts 'same' and 'different'.
Familiar: (69.7%) correct responses - first trials ONLY
76.7%) correct responses overall - first trials AND correction procedures
Novel: 82.3%) correct responses - first trials
85%) correct responses - overall - first trials AND correction procedures
