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1. Muscular, cardiopulmonary, and metabolic adaptations to exercise
are known as the training effect. (T/F)
• Answer✅: True
• Rationale: The "training effect" describes the collective physiological adjustments
and improvements the body makes in response to regular physical activity.
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, 2. The body's automatic tendency to maintain a constant internal body
environment through various processes is called:
• Answer✅: Homeostasis
• Rationale: Homeostasis is the dynamic equilibrium state where the body regulates
variables like temperature, pH, and fluid balance to maintain life.
3. BMR stands for
• Answer✅: Basal metabolic rate
• Rationale: Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) measures the minimum number of calories
your body requires to perform basic, life-sustaining functions while at rest.
4. Anabolism and catabolism occur at the same time throughout the
body. (T/F)
• Answer✅: True
• Rationale: The body undergoes metabolic turnover constantly; while some cells
break down molecules for energy (catabolism), others simultaneously use energy to
build tissues (anabolism).
5. A calorie is a unit of heat. (T/F)
• Answer✅: True
• Rationale: By definition, a calorie is the amount of heat energy required to raise the
temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius.
6. The preferred unit in metabolic studies and nutrition labels is the
kilocalorie (kcal). (T/F)
• Answer✅: True
• Rationale: Because a single calorie is a very small amount of energy, nutrition and
metabolism research scales measurements up to kilocalories (1 kcal = 1,000 calories).
7. The primary (not the 'initial') fuel during endurance exercise is:
• Answer✅: Fatty acids
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, • Rationale: While carbohydrates are the primary source for short, intense bursts of
energy, long-duration endurance exercise relies heavily on the oxidation of fatty acids
for sustained ATP production.
8. The molecule used for storing and transferring energy in the body is
called:
• Answer✅: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
• Rationale: ATP functions as the universal "energy currency" of all living cells,
capturing chemical energy from food breakdown and delivering it to power cellular
work.
9. The ATP/CP pathway is the primary pathway used for activities
lasting two minutes or greater. (T/F)
• Answer✅: False
• Rationale: The ATP/CP (phosphagen) system is anaerobic and depletes very quickly,
serving as the primary pathway only for short-duration explosive movements lasting
roughly 1 to 15 seconds.
10. About 98% of the human body is composed of only six elements:
oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorous. (T/F)
• Answer✅: True
• Rationale: These six key elements form the building blocks for practically all
biological molecules, fluids, and skeletal structures within the human anatomy.
11. The respiratory system is responsible for:
• Answer✅:
o Supplying oxygen to the body
o Eliminating carbon dioxide in the body
o Helping regulate the body's pH balance
• Rationale: By managing gaseous exchange, the lungs remove acidic carbon dioxide
($CO_2$), which plays a vital role in managing blood acid-base homeostasis.
12. The circulatory system consists of:
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