ESSENTIALS OF SOCIOLOGY HIGH-YIELD
SOCIALIZATION, DEVIANCE, AND
INSTITUTIONS SUMMARY 2026
◉ symbolic interactionism.
Answer: a theoretical approach in sociology developed by George
Herbert Mead that emphasizes the role of symbols and language as
core elements of all human interaction
◉ functionalism.
Answer: theoretical perspective based on the notion that social
events can best be explained in terms of the functions they perform-
that is the contributions they make to the continuity of society
◉ manifest functions.
Answer: functions of a particular social activity that are known to
and intended by the individuals involved in the activity
◉ latent functions.
Answer: functional consequences that are not intended or
recognized by members of a social system in which they occur
◉ Marxism.
,Answer: body of thought deriving its main elements from Karl
Marx's ideas
◉ feminist theory.
Answer: theory that emphasizes the centrality of gender in
analyzing the social world and particularly the experiences of
women, many strands of this theory but they all work to explain
gender inequalities in society and work to overcome them
◉ postmodernism.
Answer: belief that society is no longer governed by history or
progress, highly pluralistic and diverse, no grand narrative guiding
its development
◉ micro sociology.
Answer: study of human behavior in contexts of face-to-face
interaction
◉ macro sociology.
Answer: study of large-scale groups, organizations, and social
systems
◉ ethnography.
, Answer: firsthand study of people. using participant observation of
interviewing
◉ particular observation.
Answer: when researcher takes part in the activities of the group or
community being studied, also called fieldwork
◉ pilot study.
Answer: trial run in survey research
◉ sampling.
Answer: studying a proportion of individuals or cases from a larger
population as representative of that population as a whole
◉ sample.
Answer: a small proportion of a larger population
◉ representative sample.
Answer: from larger population that is statistically typical of that
population
◉ random sampling.
SOCIALIZATION, DEVIANCE, AND
INSTITUTIONS SUMMARY 2026
◉ symbolic interactionism.
Answer: a theoretical approach in sociology developed by George
Herbert Mead that emphasizes the role of symbols and language as
core elements of all human interaction
◉ functionalism.
Answer: theoretical perspective based on the notion that social
events can best be explained in terms of the functions they perform-
that is the contributions they make to the continuity of society
◉ manifest functions.
Answer: functions of a particular social activity that are known to
and intended by the individuals involved in the activity
◉ latent functions.
Answer: functional consequences that are not intended or
recognized by members of a social system in which they occur
◉ Marxism.
,Answer: body of thought deriving its main elements from Karl
Marx's ideas
◉ feminist theory.
Answer: theory that emphasizes the centrality of gender in
analyzing the social world and particularly the experiences of
women, many strands of this theory but they all work to explain
gender inequalities in society and work to overcome them
◉ postmodernism.
Answer: belief that society is no longer governed by history or
progress, highly pluralistic and diverse, no grand narrative guiding
its development
◉ micro sociology.
Answer: study of human behavior in contexts of face-to-face
interaction
◉ macro sociology.
Answer: study of large-scale groups, organizations, and social
systems
◉ ethnography.
, Answer: firsthand study of people. using participant observation of
interviewing
◉ particular observation.
Answer: when researcher takes part in the activities of the group or
community being studied, also called fieldwork
◉ pilot study.
Answer: trial run in survey research
◉ sampling.
Answer: studying a proportion of individuals or cases from a larger
population as representative of that population as a whole
◉ sample.
Answer: a small proportion of a larger population
◉ representative sample.
Answer: from larger population that is statistically typical of that
population
◉ random sampling.
