ESSENTIALS OF SOCIOLOGY CORE SOCIAL
STRUCTURE, CULTURE, AND INEQUALITY
REVIEW 2026
◉ herbert spencer.
Answer: second founder of sociology. disagreed with Comte about
social reform; Spencer believed sociologists should NOT guide social
reform.
SOCIAL DARWINISM ACTIVIST. thought that the people who were
unintelligent should let natural selection take its course so weaker
humans will cease to exist one day, social reform would be in the
way.
◉ karl marx.
Answer: agreed w/ Comte that social reform was necessary.got
thrown out of Germany and settled in England
believed in two social classes- bourgeoisie (capitalists) and
proletariat (workers). eventually the proletariats will call for
(bloody) revolution and the war will result in a classless society
where people will work according to their abilities and receive
goods and services according to their needs.
, ◉ class conflict.
Answer: Marx's term for the struggle between capitalists and
workers
◉ bourgeoisie.
Answer: Marx's term for capitalists; those who won the means of
production
◉ proletariat.
Answer: Marx's term for the exploited class, the mass of worker who
do not own the means of production
◉ emile durkheim.
Answer: French sociologist. SOCIAL INTEGRATION.
compared suicide rates of several countries to find the underlying
factor; people are more likely to commit suicide if their ties to other
in their communities are weak.
human behavior cannot be understood only in terms of the
individual; we must always examine the social forces that affect
people's lives.
believed that modern societies produced feelings of isolation, mostly
coming from the division of labor.
STRUCTURE, CULTURE, AND INEQUALITY
REVIEW 2026
◉ herbert spencer.
Answer: second founder of sociology. disagreed with Comte about
social reform; Spencer believed sociologists should NOT guide social
reform.
SOCIAL DARWINISM ACTIVIST. thought that the people who were
unintelligent should let natural selection take its course so weaker
humans will cease to exist one day, social reform would be in the
way.
◉ karl marx.
Answer: agreed w/ Comte that social reform was necessary.got
thrown out of Germany and settled in England
believed in two social classes- bourgeoisie (capitalists) and
proletariat (workers). eventually the proletariats will call for
(bloody) revolution and the war will result in a classless society
where people will work according to their abilities and receive
goods and services according to their needs.
, ◉ class conflict.
Answer: Marx's term for the struggle between capitalists and
workers
◉ bourgeoisie.
Answer: Marx's term for capitalists; those who won the means of
production
◉ proletariat.
Answer: Marx's term for the exploited class, the mass of worker who
do not own the means of production
◉ emile durkheim.
Answer: French sociologist. SOCIAL INTEGRATION.
compared suicide rates of several countries to find the underlying
factor; people are more likely to commit suicide if their ties to other
in their communities are weak.
human behavior cannot be understood only in terms of the
individual; we must always examine the social forces that affect
people's lives.
believed that modern societies produced feelings of isolation, mostly
coming from the division of labor.
