FNP NURS 5350 ADV PATHO EXAM 1 QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
Seven specialized cellular functions: - Answers - movement, conductivity, metabolic
absorption, secretion, excretion, respiration, and reproduction
Nucleus - Answers - aids in cell division and control of genetic info, contains DNA (think
the egg yolk)
Ribosomes - Answers - RNA-protein complexes; float freely in cytoplasm; provide sites
for cellular protein synthesis; packages and modifies protein for transportation and
secretion
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - Answers - specializes in the synthesis and transport of
the protein and lipid components of most of the cells organelles (memory factory)
Golgi complex - Answers - Organelle that packages and distributes proteins into
vesicles and transports within and outside of cell (refining plant in cytoplasm; traffic cop-
what goes in and out of cytoplasm)
Lysosomes - Answers - An organelle containing digestive enzymes; digest and remove
wastes, digest debris from dead cells; if ruptured, they can digest cell contents;
autodigestion occurs in starvation
Mitochondria - Answers - Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP
(energy) production; pathway for metabolism of carbs, lipids, and amino acids into ATP;
to keep the cell alive; can grow and self-replicate in the cell
Cytoskeleton - Answers - A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell
to keep its shape, and aids in movement; "bones and muscle" of the cell; have cilia to
move it on out
Characteristics of plasma membrane - Answers - made up of lipids and proteins; the
basic component is a bi-layer of lipid molecules that are responsible for the structural
integrity of the membrane
The _______________ prevents water soluble molecules from entering cells across the
plasma membrane - Answers - Phospholipid layer
Prokaryote - Answers - unicellular organism lacking a nucleus; contains NO organelles
(include cyanobacteria, bacteria, and rickettsia)
Eukaryote - Answers - organism whose cells contain a nucleus; "good nucleus;" larger
w/ intracellular anatomy
, cellular receptors - Answers - protein molecules on the plasma membrane, in the
cytoplasm, or in the nucleus that can recognize and bind with specific smaller molecules
called ligands
3 types of cellular receptors - Answers - plasma membrane receptors, channel-linked
receptors, non-channel-linked receptors
passive transport - Answers - The movement of materials through a cell membrane
WITHOUT using energy; no-energy transport of uncharged molecules through any
semi-permeable barrier (occurs down a concentration gradient)
Diffusion - Answers - Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an
area of lower concentration.
concentration gradient - Answers - A difference in the concentration of a substance
across a distance.
hydrostatic pressure - Answers - the mechanical force of water PUSHING against
cellular membranes
Osmosis - Answers - Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane;
from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration;
directly r/t hydrostatic pressure and solute concentration; PULL
active transport - Answers - the movement of materials through a cell membrane using
energy
mediated transport - Answers - simultaneous movement of a single solute molecule in
one direction (uniport); of two different solute molecules in one direction (symport); of
two different solute molecules in opposite directions (antiport)
passive mediated transport - Answers - "facilitated diffusion;" moving molecules through
membranes WITHOUT expending energy; moving DOWN a concentration gradient
active mediated transport - Answers - "active transport;" Requires the expenditure of
metabolic energy (ATP); moving UP or AGAINST a concentration gradient; the major
cellular energy currency
Endocytosis - Answers - a section of the plasma membrane enfolds substances from
outside the cell, invaginates (folds inward), and separates from the plasma membrane,
forming a vesicle that moves into the cell; lyzosomal enzymes destroy molecules in the
vesicles
Pinocytosis - Answers - "Cell drinking;" A type of endocytosis that involves the ingestion
of fluids and solute molecules through formation of small vesicles
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
Seven specialized cellular functions: - Answers - movement, conductivity, metabolic
absorption, secretion, excretion, respiration, and reproduction
Nucleus - Answers - aids in cell division and control of genetic info, contains DNA (think
the egg yolk)
Ribosomes - Answers - RNA-protein complexes; float freely in cytoplasm; provide sites
for cellular protein synthesis; packages and modifies protein for transportation and
secretion
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - Answers - specializes in the synthesis and transport of
the protein and lipid components of most of the cells organelles (memory factory)
Golgi complex - Answers - Organelle that packages and distributes proteins into
vesicles and transports within and outside of cell (refining plant in cytoplasm; traffic cop-
what goes in and out of cytoplasm)
Lysosomes - Answers - An organelle containing digestive enzymes; digest and remove
wastes, digest debris from dead cells; if ruptured, they can digest cell contents;
autodigestion occurs in starvation
Mitochondria - Answers - Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP
(energy) production; pathway for metabolism of carbs, lipids, and amino acids into ATP;
to keep the cell alive; can grow and self-replicate in the cell
Cytoskeleton - Answers - A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell
to keep its shape, and aids in movement; "bones and muscle" of the cell; have cilia to
move it on out
Characteristics of plasma membrane - Answers - made up of lipids and proteins; the
basic component is a bi-layer of lipid molecules that are responsible for the structural
integrity of the membrane
The _______________ prevents water soluble molecules from entering cells across the
plasma membrane - Answers - Phospholipid layer
Prokaryote - Answers - unicellular organism lacking a nucleus; contains NO organelles
(include cyanobacteria, bacteria, and rickettsia)
Eukaryote - Answers - organism whose cells contain a nucleus; "good nucleus;" larger
w/ intracellular anatomy
, cellular receptors - Answers - protein molecules on the plasma membrane, in the
cytoplasm, or in the nucleus that can recognize and bind with specific smaller molecules
called ligands
3 types of cellular receptors - Answers - plasma membrane receptors, channel-linked
receptors, non-channel-linked receptors
passive transport - Answers - The movement of materials through a cell membrane
WITHOUT using energy; no-energy transport of uncharged molecules through any
semi-permeable barrier (occurs down a concentration gradient)
Diffusion - Answers - Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an
area of lower concentration.
concentration gradient - Answers - A difference in the concentration of a substance
across a distance.
hydrostatic pressure - Answers - the mechanical force of water PUSHING against
cellular membranes
Osmosis - Answers - Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane;
from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration;
directly r/t hydrostatic pressure and solute concentration; PULL
active transport - Answers - the movement of materials through a cell membrane using
energy
mediated transport - Answers - simultaneous movement of a single solute molecule in
one direction (uniport); of two different solute molecules in one direction (symport); of
two different solute molecules in opposite directions (antiport)
passive mediated transport - Answers - "facilitated diffusion;" moving molecules through
membranes WITHOUT expending energy; moving DOWN a concentration gradient
active mediated transport - Answers - "active transport;" Requires the expenditure of
metabolic energy (ATP); moving UP or AGAINST a concentration gradient; the major
cellular energy currency
Endocytosis - Answers - a section of the plasma membrane enfolds substances from
outside the cell, invaginates (folds inward), and separates from the plasma membrane,
forming a vesicle that moves into the cell; lyzosomal enzymes destroy molecules in the
vesicles
Pinocytosis - Answers - "Cell drinking;" A type of endocytosis that involves the ingestion
of fluids and solute molecules through formation of small vesicles
