NUR 2474 PHARMACOLOGY QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔Statins - ✔✔Can cause muscle pain; monitor CK levels
✔✔Metoprolol - ✔✔Maintains HR between 50-60
✔✔Lactulose - ✔✔Enhances intestinal ammonia excretion
✔✔Magnesium Hydroxide - ✔✔Avoid in end-stage renal disease
✔✔Stimulant Laxative - ✔✔Causes stomach cramps
✔✔Scopolamine - ✔✔Side effect: dry mouth
✔✔Theophylline - ✔✔Therapeutic level: 5-15; avoid with ciprofloxacin
✔✔Plavix - ✔✔Black, tarry stools indicate bleeding
✔✔Orthostatic Hypotension - ✔✔Educate to rise slowly when changing positions
✔✔Hydrochlorothiazide - ✔✔Compatible with regular intake of oranges and bananas
✔✔Iron Anemia - ✔✔Greenish/blackish stools
✔✔NSAID Risks - ✔✔Include ulcers, liver injury, GI bleeding
✔✔Nitroglycerin - ✔✔Stop activity, sit, take sublingual tablet
✔✔ Primary Hypertension - ✔✔Hypertension with no identifiable cause, most common
form
, ✔✔Hypertension - ✔✔SBP > 130 mm Hg or DBP > 80 mm Hg
✔✔Beta-blocker - ✔✔Medication to slow ventricular rate in dysrhythmias
✔✔Digoxin Levels - ✔✔Normal range: 0.5-0.8
✔✔Digoxin Toxicity Treatment - ✔✔Fab antibody fragments [Digifab] for severe
overdose
✔✔Untreated Hypertension Consequences - ✔✔Can lead to heart disease, kidney
disease, stroke
✔✔Systolic BP vs. Diastolic BP - ✔✔Elevated systolic BP poses higher cardiovascular
risk
✔✔Antihypertensive Therapy Goal - ✔✔Decrease morbidity and mortality without
quality of life decrease
✔✔Thiazide and Loop Diuretics - ✔✔Reduce BP by volume reduction and arterial
resistance decrease
✔✔Loop Diuretics for Low GFR - ✔✔Given when GFR is low as thiazides are ineffective
✔✔Calcium Channel Blockers - ✔✔Reduce BP by arteriole dilation
✔✔Aldosterone Antagonists - ✔✔Lower BP by preventing sodium and water retention
✔✔Combination Therapy for Hypertension - ✔✔Each drug should have a different
mechanism of action
✔✔Antihypertensive Drug Dosages - ✔✔Start low, increase gradually to minimize
adverse effects
✔✔Patient Adherence in Hypertension - ✔✔Major cause of treatment failure due to
various factors
✔✔Hypertensive Emergency - ✔✔Diastolic BP > 120 mm Hg with end-organ damage
✔✔Nitroprusside - ✔✔Drug of choice for hypertensive emergencies
✔✔Preeclampsia - ✔✔Hypertension in pregnancy, treated with specific drugs
✔✔aPTT - ✔✔Normal value: 40 seconds, altered by heparin therapy
ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔Statins - ✔✔Can cause muscle pain; monitor CK levels
✔✔Metoprolol - ✔✔Maintains HR between 50-60
✔✔Lactulose - ✔✔Enhances intestinal ammonia excretion
✔✔Magnesium Hydroxide - ✔✔Avoid in end-stage renal disease
✔✔Stimulant Laxative - ✔✔Causes stomach cramps
✔✔Scopolamine - ✔✔Side effect: dry mouth
✔✔Theophylline - ✔✔Therapeutic level: 5-15; avoid with ciprofloxacin
✔✔Plavix - ✔✔Black, tarry stools indicate bleeding
✔✔Orthostatic Hypotension - ✔✔Educate to rise slowly when changing positions
✔✔Hydrochlorothiazide - ✔✔Compatible with regular intake of oranges and bananas
✔✔Iron Anemia - ✔✔Greenish/blackish stools
✔✔NSAID Risks - ✔✔Include ulcers, liver injury, GI bleeding
✔✔Nitroglycerin - ✔✔Stop activity, sit, take sublingual tablet
✔✔ Primary Hypertension - ✔✔Hypertension with no identifiable cause, most common
form
, ✔✔Hypertension - ✔✔SBP > 130 mm Hg or DBP > 80 mm Hg
✔✔Beta-blocker - ✔✔Medication to slow ventricular rate in dysrhythmias
✔✔Digoxin Levels - ✔✔Normal range: 0.5-0.8
✔✔Digoxin Toxicity Treatment - ✔✔Fab antibody fragments [Digifab] for severe
overdose
✔✔Untreated Hypertension Consequences - ✔✔Can lead to heart disease, kidney
disease, stroke
✔✔Systolic BP vs. Diastolic BP - ✔✔Elevated systolic BP poses higher cardiovascular
risk
✔✔Antihypertensive Therapy Goal - ✔✔Decrease morbidity and mortality without
quality of life decrease
✔✔Thiazide and Loop Diuretics - ✔✔Reduce BP by volume reduction and arterial
resistance decrease
✔✔Loop Diuretics for Low GFR - ✔✔Given when GFR is low as thiazides are ineffective
✔✔Calcium Channel Blockers - ✔✔Reduce BP by arteriole dilation
✔✔Aldosterone Antagonists - ✔✔Lower BP by preventing sodium and water retention
✔✔Combination Therapy for Hypertension - ✔✔Each drug should have a different
mechanism of action
✔✔Antihypertensive Drug Dosages - ✔✔Start low, increase gradually to minimize
adverse effects
✔✔Patient Adherence in Hypertension - ✔✔Major cause of treatment failure due to
various factors
✔✔Hypertensive Emergency - ✔✔Diastolic BP > 120 mm Hg with end-organ damage
✔✔Nitroprusside - ✔✔Drug of choice for hypertensive emergencies
✔✔Preeclampsia - ✔✔Hypertension in pregnancy, treated with specific drugs
✔✔aPTT - ✔✔Normal value: 40 seconds, altered by heparin therapy
