Geneva College Portage Learning BIOL 251 - Anatomy and
Physiology 1, Module 2 || Solved Correctly.
tissue correct answers Group of cells that work together to perform one or more specialized
functions
Intracellular correct answers The internal environment of the cells contained within the cellular
membrane
Extracellular correct answers Environment outside the cells or outside the cellular membrane
Extracellular matrix correct answers Substances a cell secretes to help regulate their extracellular
material and fluids
Histology correct answers The microscopic study of the structure of tissues and extracellular
matrix
4 main types of tissues correct answers 1) Epithelial Tissue - Covers exposed surfaces, lines
passageways/cavities, and can produce glandular secretions.
2) Connective Tissue - Supports and underlies other structures and fills the internal space of the
body.
3) Muscle tissue - contracts to enable movement
4) Nervous tissue - carries electrical impulses and translates information to control activities of
the body.
Epithelial Tissue Defining characteristics correct answers 1) Polarity = Cells have unique
surfaces with specialized features
2) Avascular = No direct blood supply
3) Basal surface connects to basement membrane
4) Highly regenerative
,5) Always connected to each other because of specialized cell junctions
Apical Surface correct answers free surface of epithelial cells (Facing external environment or
inside of a lumen). Allows cells to secrete or absorb materials in lumen. (In endocrine glands,
epithelial cells lack apical surface)
Functions of Epithelial Tissue correct answers 1) Layer of protection = Forms barriers between
internal and external environments
2) Composes surface of body
3) Lines hollow organs
4) Decreases friction and provides lubrication of organs by lining cavities
5) Manage materials in the body via secretion (hormone production, sweat, milk, digestive
enzymes)
6) Absorption
7) Excretion
8) diffuse particles through cells
9) cleanses by blocking dust/dirt from openings
Microvilli correct answers Finger-like extensions on apical surface of most epithelial cells and
add extra surface area to cells, allowing for additional secretions and absorption
Cilia correct answers Longer cytoplasmic extensions than microvilli and have an internal
structure that allows for their movement. Ciliated epithelial cells can be found arranged in neat
rows in trachea and bronchi.
Avascular correct answers No direct blood supply
Basal Surface correct answers Bottom layer of epithelia that connects to the basement membrane
,Basement membrane (Basal lamina) correct answers Connected to basal surface of epithelia is
non-cellular and protein rich, allows cells to anchor for support.
Separates epithelium from other tissue.
Produced by basal surface of epithelial cells and connective tissue deep to it.
Cell junctions of epithelial tissue cells correct answers Lateral surfaces are connected between
adjoining cells with specialized intercellular connections with unique proteins I.e. hyaluronan
Hyaluronan (Hyaluronic acis) correct answers one type of polysaccharide derivative that helps
lock epithelial cells together
Intercellular cement correct answers Polysaccharide derivative that helps lock epithelial cells
together
Types of specialized connections in Epithelial cells correct answers 1) gap junctions
2) Tight junctions
3) Adhesion belt
4) terminal web
5) spot desmosomes
6) hemidesmosomes
Gap junctions (communicating junctions) correct answers unique cellular structures that permit
free diffusion of ions and small molecules between cells
Tight Junctions (occluding junctions) correct answers Impermeable barrier typically located at
the most apical point between adjoining cells.
, Formed when plasma membrane of two outer layers of cells fuse together
Allow epithelial cells to function as barrier and cover underlying tissues
Adhesion Belt correct answers Forms deep to the tight junctions, forming a continuous bandlike
structure between cells. Tied into microfilaments that make up terminal web
Terminal web correct answers Microfilaments found in the apical zone of epithelial cells at the
base of microvilli and running across entire cell
Spot Desmosomes correct answers Found throughout the lateral surfaces of epithelial cells. Help
tie adjacent cells together and allow for anchoring point of intermediate filaments, allowing for
direct cell-to cell contact. Provide a very strong attachment between cells, similar to welding,
and use cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)
Hemidesmosomes correct answers Anchor intermediate filaments of a cell to the extracellular
matrix (I.e. anchor cell to protein fibers around basement membrane)
Regenerative Capacity of Epithelium correct answers Regenerates through constant division of
stem cells. High rate of regeneration as cells are continually damaged or lost due to location in
"high-traffic" areas. Epithelial cells have much higher rate of cell division and replacement than
other tissue types.
Stem Cells (germinative cells) correct answers Located near basement membrane of epithelial
cells and are constantly dividing to relace lost or damaged cells.
Classifications of Epithelial Tissue correct answers Simple: cells that are only one layer thick
Stratified: when cells have two or more layers
Squamous: When cells are wider than the height (Flat)
Cuboidal: when cells have approximately same height, width, and depth (cube shaped)
Physiology 1, Module 2 || Solved Correctly.
tissue correct answers Group of cells that work together to perform one or more specialized
functions
Intracellular correct answers The internal environment of the cells contained within the cellular
membrane
Extracellular correct answers Environment outside the cells or outside the cellular membrane
Extracellular matrix correct answers Substances a cell secretes to help regulate their extracellular
material and fluids
Histology correct answers The microscopic study of the structure of tissues and extracellular
matrix
4 main types of tissues correct answers 1) Epithelial Tissue - Covers exposed surfaces, lines
passageways/cavities, and can produce glandular secretions.
2) Connective Tissue - Supports and underlies other structures and fills the internal space of the
body.
3) Muscle tissue - contracts to enable movement
4) Nervous tissue - carries electrical impulses and translates information to control activities of
the body.
Epithelial Tissue Defining characteristics correct answers 1) Polarity = Cells have unique
surfaces with specialized features
2) Avascular = No direct blood supply
3) Basal surface connects to basement membrane
4) Highly regenerative
,5) Always connected to each other because of specialized cell junctions
Apical Surface correct answers free surface of epithelial cells (Facing external environment or
inside of a lumen). Allows cells to secrete or absorb materials in lumen. (In endocrine glands,
epithelial cells lack apical surface)
Functions of Epithelial Tissue correct answers 1) Layer of protection = Forms barriers between
internal and external environments
2) Composes surface of body
3) Lines hollow organs
4) Decreases friction and provides lubrication of organs by lining cavities
5) Manage materials in the body via secretion (hormone production, sweat, milk, digestive
enzymes)
6) Absorption
7) Excretion
8) diffuse particles through cells
9) cleanses by blocking dust/dirt from openings
Microvilli correct answers Finger-like extensions on apical surface of most epithelial cells and
add extra surface area to cells, allowing for additional secretions and absorption
Cilia correct answers Longer cytoplasmic extensions than microvilli and have an internal
structure that allows for their movement. Ciliated epithelial cells can be found arranged in neat
rows in trachea and bronchi.
Avascular correct answers No direct blood supply
Basal Surface correct answers Bottom layer of epithelia that connects to the basement membrane
,Basement membrane (Basal lamina) correct answers Connected to basal surface of epithelia is
non-cellular and protein rich, allows cells to anchor for support.
Separates epithelium from other tissue.
Produced by basal surface of epithelial cells and connective tissue deep to it.
Cell junctions of epithelial tissue cells correct answers Lateral surfaces are connected between
adjoining cells with specialized intercellular connections with unique proteins I.e. hyaluronan
Hyaluronan (Hyaluronic acis) correct answers one type of polysaccharide derivative that helps
lock epithelial cells together
Intercellular cement correct answers Polysaccharide derivative that helps lock epithelial cells
together
Types of specialized connections in Epithelial cells correct answers 1) gap junctions
2) Tight junctions
3) Adhesion belt
4) terminal web
5) spot desmosomes
6) hemidesmosomes
Gap junctions (communicating junctions) correct answers unique cellular structures that permit
free diffusion of ions and small molecules between cells
Tight Junctions (occluding junctions) correct answers Impermeable barrier typically located at
the most apical point between adjoining cells.
, Formed when plasma membrane of two outer layers of cells fuse together
Allow epithelial cells to function as barrier and cover underlying tissues
Adhesion Belt correct answers Forms deep to the tight junctions, forming a continuous bandlike
structure between cells. Tied into microfilaments that make up terminal web
Terminal web correct answers Microfilaments found in the apical zone of epithelial cells at the
base of microvilli and running across entire cell
Spot Desmosomes correct answers Found throughout the lateral surfaces of epithelial cells. Help
tie adjacent cells together and allow for anchoring point of intermediate filaments, allowing for
direct cell-to cell contact. Provide a very strong attachment between cells, similar to welding,
and use cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)
Hemidesmosomes correct answers Anchor intermediate filaments of a cell to the extracellular
matrix (I.e. anchor cell to protein fibers around basement membrane)
Regenerative Capacity of Epithelium correct answers Regenerates through constant division of
stem cells. High rate of regeneration as cells are continually damaged or lost due to location in
"high-traffic" areas. Epithelial cells have much higher rate of cell division and replacement than
other tissue types.
Stem Cells (germinative cells) correct answers Located near basement membrane of epithelial
cells and are constantly dividing to relace lost or damaged cells.
Classifications of Epithelial Tissue correct answers Simple: cells that are only one layer thick
Stratified: when cells have two or more layers
Squamous: When cells are wider than the height (Flat)
Cuboidal: when cells have approximately same height, width, and depth (cube shaped)
