NR 567 ADVANCED PHARM MIDTERM EXAM GUIDE
ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH
WELL DETAILED RATIONALES
SCIENCE (Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Earth Science)
1. What is the powerhouse of the cell?
A) Nucleus
B) Ribosome
C) Mitochondria
D) Golgi apparatus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration, converting
nutrients into ATP (energy), hence the nickname "powerhouse."
2. What is the chemical symbol for water?
A) H2O2
B) H2O
C) CO2
D) H2SO4
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A water molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen
atom, chemically represented as H2O.
3. What is the hardest natural substance on Earth?
,A) Gold
B) Iron
C) Diamond
D) Quartz
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Diamond is a form of carbon with a tetrahedral lattice structure,
making it the hardest known natural material.
4. What is the process by which plants make their own food?
A) Respiration
B) Fermentation
C) Photosynthesis
D) Transpiration
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Photosynthesis is the process where plants use sunlight, water, and
carbon dioxide to create glucose and oxygen.
5. What planet is known as the Red Planet?
A) Venus
B) Jupiter
C) Mars
D) Saturn
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mars has a reddish appearance due to iron oxide (rust) on its
surface.
,6. What is the main gas found in the Earth's atmosphere?
A) Oxygen
B) Carbon Dioxide
C) Nitrogen
D) Hydrogen
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nitrogen makes up about 78% of the Earth's atmosphere.
7. What is the pH level of pure water?
A) 0
B) 7
C) 14
D) 10
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pure water has a neutral pH of 7, meaning it is neither acidic nor
basic.
8. What type of blood cells fight infection?
A) Red blood cells
B) Platelets
C) White blood cells
D) Plasma
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: White blood cells (leukocytes) are a key component of the immune
system and help defend the body against infections.
, 9. Which of these is a renewable energy source?
A) Coal
B) Natural Gas
C) Solar Power
D) Nuclear Power
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Solar power is renewable because the sun's energy is virtually
inexhaustible.
10. What is the smallest unit of life?
A) Atom
B) Molecule
C) Cell
D) Tissue
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The cell is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all
known living organisms.
11. What is the chemical formula for table salt?
A) KCl
B) NaCl
C) Na2SO4
D) CaCO3
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Table salt is sodium chloride, composed of sodium (Na) and
chloride (Cl) ions.
ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH
WELL DETAILED RATIONALES
SCIENCE (Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Earth Science)
1. What is the powerhouse of the cell?
A) Nucleus
B) Ribosome
C) Mitochondria
D) Golgi apparatus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration, converting
nutrients into ATP (energy), hence the nickname "powerhouse."
2. What is the chemical symbol for water?
A) H2O2
B) H2O
C) CO2
D) H2SO4
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A water molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen
atom, chemically represented as H2O.
3. What is the hardest natural substance on Earth?
,A) Gold
B) Iron
C) Diamond
D) Quartz
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Diamond is a form of carbon with a tetrahedral lattice structure,
making it the hardest known natural material.
4. What is the process by which plants make their own food?
A) Respiration
B) Fermentation
C) Photosynthesis
D) Transpiration
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Photosynthesis is the process where plants use sunlight, water, and
carbon dioxide to create glucose and oxygen.
5. What planet is known as the Red Planet?
A) Venus
B) Jupiter
C) Mars
D) Saturn
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mars has a reddish appearance due to iron oxide (rust) on its
surface.
,6. What is the main gas found in the Earth's atmosphere?
A) Oxygen
B) Carbon Dioxide
C) Nitrogen
D) Hydrogen
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nitrogen makes up about 78% of the Earth's atmosphere.
7. What is the pH level of pure water?
A) 0
B) 7
C) 14
D) 10
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pure water has a neutral pH of 7, meaning it is neither acidic nor
basic.
8. What type of blood cells fight infection?
A) Red blood cells
B) Platelets
C) White blood cells
D) Plasma
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: White blood cells (leukocytes) are a key component of the immune
system and help defend the body against infections.
, 9. Which of these is a renewable energy source?
A) Coal
B) Natural Gas
C) Solar Power
D) Nuclear Power
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Solar power is renewable because the sun's energy is virtually
inexhaustible.
10. What is the smallest unit of life?
A) Atom
B) Molecule
C) Cell
D) Tissue
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The cell is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all
known living organisms.
11. What is the chemical formula for table salt?
A) KCl
B) NaCl
C) Na2SO4
D) CaCO3
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Table salt is sodium chloride, composed of sodium (Na) and
chloride (Cl) ions.
