NURS 5315: Advanced Pathophysiology
2026 UTA Exam 2 Latest 2026/2027
COMPLETE FREQUENTLY MOST TESTED
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
/GET IT 100% ACCURATE!(Graded A+)
HIV EIA (3rd generation immunoassay) - ANSWER-can use urine, saliva, or serum
(most accurate), need to wait until 12 weeks post exposure to see antibodies,
>99% accurate
4th generation immunoassay- "gold standard"
measures P24 antigen
can test 10 days post exposure
Mast cell - ANSWER-Cellular bags of granules located in loose connective tisssue
close to blood vessels. Activation initiates inflammatory process.
Histamine - ANSWER-Causes vasodilation, increases vascular permeability,
increases blood flow to the site of injury- causes erythema and swelling.
Cytokines - ANSWER-Soluble factors that contribute to the regulation of innate or
adaptive resistance by affecting other neighboring cells. Can be pro-inflammatory
or anti-inflammatory. Can react quickly or be more delayed.
,Leukotrines - ANSWER-Released when mast cells degranulate, prolong the
inflammatory process. Cause vasodilation, attract neutrophils, monocytes, and
eosinophils.target of inhibition for singular.
Prostaglandins - ANSWER-Released when mast cells degranulate, are produced by
the arachidonic pathway. Cause vasodilation, platelet aggregation at site of injury,
pain, and fever.
Chemotactic factors - ANSWER-Biochemical substance that attracts leukocyte to
the site of inflammation
Neutrophils - ANSWER-Predominant leukocyte at work during the early stages of
acute inflammation
Monocytes - ANSWER-Become macrophages when entering the tissue,
responsible for presenting antigens to the CD4 cell which triggers T-cell immunity
and B-cell immunity.
Releases additional cytokines IL1, IL6, TNF.
Cytokine IL1 function - ANSWER-Causes fever, activates phagocytes &
lymphocytes and also increases the release of IL6a
Cytokine IL6 function - ANSWER-Stimulates production of acute phase reactants
and promotes growth and stimulation of RBCs
, Cytokine TNF function - ANSWER-Causes fever, increases synthesis of
proinflammatory proteins by liver, causes muscle wasting, induces thrombosis
Cytokine growth factor function - ANSWER-Promotes production and maturation
of neutrophils
Complement - ANSWER-Functions include bacterial lysis, vasodilation and
increased vascular permeability, triggers mast cell degranulation, chemotaxis, and
opsonization.
Kinin - ANSWER-Converted to bradykinin which is responsible for pain and
chemotaxis, and it increases vascular permeability and vasodilation.
Coagulation cascade - ANSWER-Factor XII activates kinin. Function is to form fibrin
mesh to stop bleeding and trap micro organisms.
COX1 - ANSWER-Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Provides gastroprotection,
platelet aggregation, fluid/electrolyte balance
COX2 - ANSWER-Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Responsible for pain, fever,
renal protection, tissue repair, reproduction development.
COX2 inhibitors- clinical implications - ANSWER-Protect gastric mucosa- prevent
ulcers and bleeding. Removed from market r/t cardiac events except for Celebrex.
Can impair renal function , monitor labs.
2026 UTA Exam 2 Latest 2026/2027
COMPLETE FREQUENTLY MOST TESTED
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
/GET IT 100% ACCURATE!(Graded A+)
HIV EIA (3rd generation immunoassay) - ANSWER-can use urine, saliva, or serum
(most accurate), need to wait until 12 weeks post exposure to see antibodies,
>99% accurate
4th generation immunoassay- "gold standard"
measures P24 antigen
can test 10 days post exposure
Mast cell - ANSWER-Cellular bags of granules located in loose connective tisssue
close to blood vessels. Activation initiates inflammatory process.
Histamine - ANSWER-Causes vasodilation, increases vascular permeability,
increases blood flow to the site of injury- causes erythema and swelling.
Cytokines - ANSWER-Soluble factors that contribute to the regulation of innate or
adaptive resistance by affecting other neighboring cells. Can be pro-inflammatory
or anti-inflammatory. Can react quickly or be more delayed.
,Leukotrines - ANSWER-Released when mast cells degranulate, prolong the
inflammatory process. Cause vasodilation, attract neutrophils, monocytes, and
eosinophils.target of inhibition for singular.
Prostaglandins - ANSWER-Released when mast cells degranulate, are produced by
the arachidonic pathway. Cause vasodilation, platelet aggregation at site of injury,
pain, and fever.
Chemotactic factors - ANSWER-Biochemical substance that attracts leukocyte to
the site of inflammation
Neutrophils - ANSWER-Predominant leukocyte at work during the early stages of
acute inflammation
Monocytes - ANSWER-Become macrophages when entering the tissue,
responsible for presenting antigens to the CD4 cell which triggers T-cell immunity
and B-cell immunity.
Releases additional cytokines IL1, IL6, TNF.
Cytokine IL1 function - ANSWER-Causes fever, activates phagocytes &
lymphocytes and also increases the release of IL6a
Cytokine IL6 function - ANSWER-Stimulates production of acute phase reactants
and promotes growth and stimulation of RBCs
, Cytokine TNF function - ANSWER-Causes fever, increases synthesis of
proinflammatory proteins by liver, causes muscle wasting, induces thrombosis
Cytokine growth factor function - ANSWER-Promotes production and maturation
of neutrophils
Complement - ANSWER-Functions include bacterial lysis, vasodilation and
increased vascular permeability, triggers mast cell degranulation, chemotaxis, and
opsonization.
Kinin - ANSWER-Converted to bradykinin which is responsible for pain and
chemotaxis, and it increases vascular permeability and vasodilation.
Coagulation cascade - ANSWER-Factor XII activates kinin. Function is to form fibrin
mesh to stop bleeding and trap micro organisms.
COX1 - ANSWER-Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Provides gastroprotection,
platelet aggregation, fluid/electrolyte balance
COX2 - ANSWER-Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Responsible for pain, fever,
renal protection, tissue repair, reproduction development.
COX2 inhibitors- clinical implications - ANSWER-Protect gastric mucosa- prevent
ulcers and bleeding. Removed from market r/t cardiac events except for Celebrex.
Can impair renal function , monitor labs.
