Nurs 615 Exam /NURS 615-
Pharm Exam 4 complete
Questions & Answers (100%
verified solutions) 2026/2027
update
How will you prescribe lipase, protease, and amylase components? - ANSWER-
Patients with cystic fibrosis are often prescribed enzyme replacement for
pancreatic secretions each replacement drug has amylase, lipase and protease
components, however the drug is prescribed in units of lipase
What is the medication of choice for hypertensive crisis with pheochromocytoma?
- ANSWER-Surgical resection of the tumor is the first treatment of choice either
my open laparotomy or laparoscopy either surgical option requires prior
treatment of nonspecific irreversible adrenergic adraonoreceptor blocker
phenoxybenzamine or a shorter acting alpha antagonists, prazosin, terazosin, and
doxazosin. Mainly use phenozibenamine in practice. Doing so promotes the
surgery to proceed while minimizing the likelihood of severe intraoperative
hypertension which is likely when the tumor is manipulated.
What is the onset of action, peak of action, and duration of action of each insulin
preparation? - ANSWER-(Intermediate Acting) NPH
,Onset-60-90 min after administration,
Peak 48 hrs
Duration 10-18 hrs.
(Short Acting) Regular Onset 30-60 min
Peak 2-4 hrs
Duration 6-10 hrs
(Long Acting) Aspart, Lispro, Glulisine
Onset less than 15 min
Peak 1-2 hrs
Duration 3-6 hrs
(Long Acting) Glargine, Detemir
Onset 1-2 hrs
Peak NO PEAK
Duration 24 hrs
Identify the symptoms of hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and ketoacidosis. -
ANSWER-Hypoglycemia- dizziness, confusion, diaphoresis, tachycardia
Hyperglycemia- polyphagia, polydipsia, polyuria, blurred vision, and fatigue
Ketoacidosis- hallmark symptoms include acetone breath like nail polish remover
or fruity breath. Also abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and sob.
, When changing from NPH to glargine insulin, how will you adjust the patient's
dose? - ANSWER-The initial dose of glargine is reduced by 20% to prevent
hypoglycemia.
How does metformin work? - ANSWER-Decreases hyperglycemia by decreasing
hepatic glucose production called hepatic gluconeogenesis. The average person
with type 2 diabetes has three times the rate of gluconeogenesis, metformin
treatment reduces this by over 1/3rd. The molecular mechanism of metformin
isn't completely understood. In addition to suppressing hepatic glucose
production, metformin increases insulin sensitivity, enhances peripheral glucose
uptake by inducing the phosphorilization of glu4 enhancer factor, decreases
insulin induced suppression of fatty acid oxidation, and decreases absorption of
glucose from the GI tract. Also of note** Metformin helps reduce LDL cholesterol
and triglyceride levels and is not associated with weight gain, in some people it
helps promote weight loss**
What diagnostic testing is required before and throughout therapy with
metformin? - ANSWER-Metformin is not metabolized, it is cleared from the body
by tubular secretion and is secreted unchanged in the urine. Metformin is
undetectable in blood plasma within 24 hrs of a single oral dose the average
elimination half-life in plasma is 6.2 hrs as it is secreted in the urine you should
check a serum crt to assess renal function.
What is the action of gliptin? - ANSWER-The mechanism of DDP-4 inhibitors is to
increase incretin levels incretin are GLP1 and GIP which inhibit glucagon release in
which in turn increases insulin secretion, decreases gastric emptying, and
decreases blood glucose levels
Pharm Exam 4 complete
Questions & Answers (100%
verified solutions) 2026/2027
update
How will you prescribe lipase, protease, and amylase components? - ANSWER-
Patients with cystic fibrosis are often prescribed enzyme replacement for
pancreatic secretions each replacement drug has amylase, lipase and protease
components, however the drug is prescribed in units of lipase
What is the medication of choice for hypertensive crisis with pheochromocytoma?
- ANSWER-Surgical resection of the tumor is the first treatment of choice either
my open laparotomy or laparoscopy either surgical option requires prior
treatment of nonspecific irreversible adrenergic adraonoreceptor blocker
phenoxybenzamine or a shorter acting alpha antagonists, prazosin, terazosin, and
doxazosin. Mainly use phenozibenamine in practice. Doing so promotes the
surgery to proceed while minimizing the likelihood of severe intraoperative
hypertension which is likely when the tumor is manipulated.
What is the onset of action, peak of action, and duration of action of each insulin
preparation? - ANSWER-(Intermediate Acting) NPH
,Onset-60-90 min after administration,
Peak 48 hrs
Duration 10-18 hrs.
(Short Acting) Regular Onset 30-60 min
Peak 2-4 hrs
Duration 6-10 hrs
(Long Acting) Aspart, Lispro, Glulisine
Onset less than 15 min
Peak 1-2 hrs
Duration 3-6 hrs
(Long Acting) Glargine, Detemir
Onset 1-2 hrs
Peak NO PEAK
Duration 24 hrs
Identify the symptoms of hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and ketoacidosis. -
ANSWER-Hypoglycemia- dizziness, confusion, diaphoresis, tachycardia
Hyperglycemia- polyphagia, polydipsia, polyuria, blurred vision, and fatigue
Ketoacidosis- hallmark symptoms include acetone breath like nail polish remover
or fruity breath. Also abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and sob.
, When changing from NPH to glargine insulin, how will you adjust the patient's
dose? - ANSWER-The initial dose of glargine is reduced by 20% to prevent
hypoglycemia.
How does metformin work? - ANSWER-Decreases hyperglycemia by decreasing
hepatic glucose production called hepatic gluconeogenesis. The average person
with type 2 diabetes has three times the rate of gluconeogenesis, metformin
treatment reduces this by over 1/3rd. The molecular mechanism of metformin
isn't completely understood. In addition to suppressing hepatic glucose
production, metformin increases insulin sensitivity, enhances peripheral glucose
uptake by inducing the phosphorilization of glu4 enhancer factor, decreases
insulin induced suppression of fatty acid oxidation, and decreases absorption of
glucose from the GI tract. Also of note** Metformin helps reduce LDL cholesterol
and triglyceride levels and is not associated with weight gain, in some people it
helps promote weight loss**
What diagnostic testing is required before and throughout therapy with
metformin? - ANSWER-Metformin is not metabolized, it is cleared from the body
by tubular secretion and is secreted unchanged in the urine. Metformin is
undetectable in blood plasma within 24 hrs of a single oral dose the average
elimination half-life in plasma is 6.2 hrs as it is secreted in the urine you should
check a serum crt to assess renal function.
What is the action of gliptin? - ANSWER-The mechanism of DDP-4 inhibitors is to
increase incretin levels incretin are GLP1 and GIP which inhibit glucagon release in
which in turn increases insulin secretion, decreases gastric emptying, and
decreases blood glucose levels
