Summary Graad 12 Organiese Chemie Benaming Gids

Homoloë reeks Voorbeeld
Funksionele groep Naameinde
Algemene fomule Struktuur formule, Gekondenseerde formule, Naam

1. Alkaan/Alkane H H H CH3CH2CH3
| | | | |
—C — C— —aan H— C
3 — C2 — C1 —H
| | | | |
CnH2n+2 H H H Propaan

2. Alkeen/Alkene H H CH3 CHCH3 of CH3CHCH3
H | |
C—C -een C
3 C—
2 C —H
1




|
H |
CnH2n H Propeen

3. Alkyn/Alkyne H CH3 CH of CH3CCH of CHCCH3
|
—C—C— -yn H— C 3 —C 2 C —H1




||
|
CnH2n-2 H Propyn

X kan Cℓ, Br, I H Cℓ H
4. Haloalkaan/Alkielhalied | -aan | | |
CH3CHCℓCH3
of F wees
X— C— (kan ook eindig H— C
3 — C2 — C1 —H
| | | |
CnH2n+1 + X met -een of -yn) H H H 2-Chloropropaan
Vanaf nommer 5 kry H Hidroksiel
I
5. Alkohol elke groep ‘n -an- in die
|
H
|
H
|
O CH3CH2CH2OH
naam I
—C — O—H Hidroksiel -ol H— C 3 — C — C —H
2 1
| | | |
CnH2n+2 + O H H H Propan-1-ol

Formiel
6. Aldehied O
||
H
|
H
|
O
||
CH3CH2CHO
Formiel
— C —H -aal H— C — C — C —H
Funksionele Isomere




3 2 1
| |
CnH2n + O H H Propanaal
Karboniel
7. Ketoon/Ketone O
|| Karboniel
H
|
O
||
H
|
CH3COCH3
—C— -oon H— C
3 — C2 — C1 —H
| |
CnH2n + O H H Propan-2-oon of Propanoon

Karboksiel
8. Karboksielsure O H H O CH3CH2COOH
|| Karboksiel | | ||
Funksionele Isomere




—C — O —H -oësuur H— C
3 —C— 2 C —O —H
1
| |
CnH2n + O2 H H Propanoësuur
Karboniel
9. Esters O H H O H H CH3CH2COOCH2CH3
|| Karboniel | | || | |
— C — O— -oaat H— C
3 —C—C—O—C—
2 1 1 C —H2
| | | |
CnH2n + O2 H H H H Etielpropanoaat
Prop Etiel