NREMT STUDY GUIDE 2026 Latest recent and
frequently tested exam with comprehensive questions
and verified accurate solution (detailed & elaborated)
GRADED A+
,Where does gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occur?
a. larynx
b. bronchioles
c. alveoli
d. main stem bronchi - correct ans:Alveoli
The alveoli are where the lungs and the blood exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide during the process
of breathing in and breathing out. Oxygen breathed in from the air passes through the alveoli and into
the blood and travels to the tissues throughout the body.
What is the primary role of the epiglottis?
a. bringing oxygen into circulation
b. aids in food digestion
c. assist air flow to the larynx
d. prevent aspiration while eating - correct ans:Prevent aspiration while eating
The main job of the epiglottis is to close over the trachea while you're eating to prevent food entering
your airway.
What is the PRIMARY role of the mediastinum?
a. Protects vital structures of the chest
b. Protects your diaphragm from collapse
c. Protects your lungs from collapse
d. Surrounds the heart's four chambers - correct ans:protects vital structures of the chest
The mediastinum protects many vital structures including the heart, large vessels, the trachea, and
critical nerves.
You respond to a 8 year old male who states he is having trouble breathing. His respiratory rate is 44
breaths/min and you notice accessory muscle use on exam. You can hear an audible wheeze present.
What should your initial step be?
,a. Start BVM ventilations
b. Attempt a head tilt-chin lift
c. Obtain his oxygen saturation
d. Gather a SAMPLE history - correct ans:Obtain his oxygen saturation
This patient is able to speak so the airway is patent, we don't have any oxygen data so we need that
before we can go ahead with oxygen administration. This will give the final piece of info to start
assessing his current status.
You are called to the home of a 4 year old female patient. The patient has a persistent "barking cough"
and has stridor on exam. The mother tells you that this has gotten worse over the last few nights, until
tonight she had a "hard time" breathing. What do you suspect?
a. Asthma Exacerbation
b. Bronchiolitis
c. Epiglottitis
d. Croup - correct ans:Croup
Remember the keys for croup, barking cough, stridor, gradual onset, typically seen in young children.
Epiglottitis can occur at any age and has drooling, painful swallowing, stridor and a more rapid onset, no
barking cough.
From the list below name three action steps you can take to help patients with croup or epiglottitis. (Pick
3)
a. Keep oxygen saturation above 94%
b. Keep the patient calm
c. Begin CPR if the patient has a pulse less than 100
d. Begin bag valve mask ventilations with rapid transport
e. Use blow-by oxygen
f. Immediately begin non-rebreather mask at 15LPM - correct ans:a. keep oxygen saturation above 94%
b. keep patient calm
, e. use blow-by oxygen
You are about to place an airway adjunct into your patient. Which situation would you NOT place a
nasopharyngeal airway?
a. A semiconscious child who just had a seizure
b. A patient with ecchymosis behind one ear
c. An unconscious patient with an intact gag reflex
d. An semiconscious adult who cannot maintain their own airway - correct ans:a patient with
ecchymosis behind one ear
Bruising behind one ear is known as the "Battle sign" and an indication of a basilar skull fracture, which
is a severe head injury. Use of a nasopharyngeal airway with severe head injuries is contraindicated.
You are transporting a 53 year-old male who complains of shortness of breath, dizziness, numbness in
his hands, and a dry mouth. His vital signs are: blood pressure 118/80 mmHg, HR 120, RR of 32, SpO2
99%, and ETCO2 of 26 mmHg. What do you suspect?
a. Hypokalemia
b. Hypoventilation syndrome
c. Pneumothorax
d. Hyperventilation syndrome - correct ans:Hyperventilation syndrome
This patient is hyperventilating as demonstrated by his increased respiratory rate and low end-tidal
reading levels. A high respiratory rate increases the amount of carbon dioxide exhaled, accounting for
the low end-tidal reading. His heart rate is also a little elevated, possibly due to anxiety.
A 78 year old female is found lying on her bathroom floor unconscious. Her caregiver reports finding her
like this upon arrival and is unsure what happened. You hear gurgling sounds on inspiration. What is the
next best step?
a. Suction her airway
b. Begin ventilations with a bag-valve mask
c. Insert an oropharyngeal airway
d. Provide nasal cannula at 2 L/min - correct ans:suction her airway
frequently tested exam with comprehensive questions
and verified accurate solution (detailed & elaborated)
GRADED A+
,Where does gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occur?
a. larynx
b. bronchioles
c. alveoli
d. main stem bronchi - correct ans:Alveoli
The alveoli are where the lungs and the blood exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide during the process
of breathing in and breathing out. Oxygen breathed in from the air passes through the alveoli and into
the blood and travels to the tissues throughout the body.
What is the primary role of the epiglottis?
a. bringing oxygen into circulation
b. aids in food digestion
c. assist air flow to the larynx
d. prevent aspiration while eating - correct ans:Prevent aspiration while eating
The main job of the epiglottis is to close over the trachea while you're eating to prevent food entering
your airway.
What is the PRIMARY role of the mediastinum?
a. Protects vital structures of the chest
b. Protects your diaphragm from collapse
c. Protects your lungs from collapse
d. Surrounds the heart's four chambers - correct ans:protects vital structures of the chest
The mediastinum protects many vital structures including the heart, large vessels, the trachea, and
critical nerves.
You respond to a 8 year old male who states he is having trouble breathing. His respiratory rate is 44
breaths/min and you notice accessory muscle use on exam. You can hear an audible wheeze present.
What should your initial step be?
,a. Start BVM ventilations
b. Attempt a head tilt-chin lift
c. Obtain his oxygen saturation
d. Gather a SAMPLE history - correct ans:Obtain his oxygen saturation
This patient is able to speak so the airway is patent, we don't have any oxygen data so we need that
before we can go ahead with oxygen administration. This will give the final piece of info to start
assessing his current status.
You are called to the home of a 4 year old female patient. The patient has a persistent "barking cough"
and has stridor on exam. The mother tells you that this has gotten worse over the last few nights, until
tonight she had a "hard time" breathing. What do you suspect?
a. Asthma Exacerbation
b. Bronchiolitis
c. Epiglottitis
d. Croup - correct ans:Croup
Remember the keys for croup, barking cough, stridor, gradual onset, typically seen in young children.
Epiglottitis can occur at any age and has drooling, painful swallowing, stridor and a more rapid onset, no
barking cough.
From the list below name three action steps you can take to help patients with croup or epiglottitis. (Pick
3)
a. Keep oxygen saturation above 94%
b. Keep the patient calm
c. Begin CPR if the patient has a pulse less than 100
d. Begin bag valve mask ventilations with rapid transport
e. Use blow-by oxygen
f. Immediately begin non-rebreather mask at 15LPM - correct ans:a. keep oxygen saturation above 94%
b. keep patient calm
, e. use blow-by oxygen
You are about to place an airway adjunct into your patient. Which situation would you NOT place a
nasopharyngeal airway?
a. A semiconscious child who just had a seizure
b. A patient with ecchymosis behind one ear
c. An unconscious patient with an intact gag reflex
d. An semiconscious adult who cannot maintain their own airway - correct ans:a patient with
ecchymosis behind one ear
Bruising behind one ear is known as the "Battle sign" and an indication of a basilar skull fracture, which
is a severe head injury. Use of a nasopharyngeal airway with severe head injuries is contraindicated.
You are transporting a 53 year-old male who complains of shortness of breath, dizziness, numbness in
his hands, and a dry mouth. His vital signs are: blood pressure 118/80 mmHg, HR 120, RR of 32, SpO2
99%, and ETCO2 of 26 mmHg. What do you suspect?
a. Hypokalemia
b. Hypoventilation syndrome
c. Pneumothorax
d. Hyperventilation syndrome - correct ans:Hyperventilation syndrome
This patient is hyperventilating as demonstrated by his increased respiratory rate and low end-tidal
reading levels. A high respiratory rate increases the amount of carbon dioxide exhaled, accounting for
the low end-tidal reading. His heart rate is also a little elevated, possibly due to anxiety.
A 78 year old female is found lying on her bathroom floor unconscious. Her caregiver reports finding her
like this upon arrival and is unsure what happened. You hear gurgling sounds on inspiration. What is the
next best step?
a. Suction her airway
b. Begin ventilations with a bag-valve mask
c. Insert an oropharyngeal airway
d. Provide nasal cannula at 2 L/min - correct ans:suction her airway
