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Terms in this set (155)
Chapter 1: Introduction to Pathophysiology
Risk Factor that when present increases the chance of disease
Not stressors, but conditions or situations that increase the
likelihood of encountering a stressor
Prevalence A measure of disease that allows us to determine a person's
likelihood of having a disease. Therefore, the number of
prevalent cases is the total number of cases of disease existing
in a population. A prevalence rate is the total number of cases
of a disease existing in a population divided by the total
population
Indicates how widespread the disease is
Incidence A measure of disease that allows us to determine a person's
probability of being diagnosed with a disease during a given
period of time. Therefore, incidence is the number of newly
diagnosed cases of a disease. An incidence rate is the number
of new cases of a disease divided by the number of persons at
risk for the disease.
Conveys information about the risk of contracting the disease.
Ratio The quantitative relation between two amounts showing the
number of times one value contains or is contained within the
other.
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Primary Prevention Altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible
persons
*Both illness and disease are absent
example: vaccinations, healthy lifestyles
Secondary Prevention Early detection, screening, and management of disease
*Illness absent, disease present
example: screenings and testings
Tertiary Prevention Rehabilitation, supportive care, reducing disability, and
restoring effective functioning
*Both illness and disease present
example: education
Epidemiology study of the patterns of disease involving populations;
examining the occurrence, incidence, prevalence, transmission,
and distribution of diseases in large groups of
populations/people
Endemic A disease theat is native to a local region
Epidemic When a disease is disseninated to many individals at the same
time
(spread to many people at the same time)
Pandemic Epidemics that affect large geographic regions, perhaps
spreading worldwide.
(spread to large geographic areas)
Chapter 2: Homeostasis and Adaptive
Responses to Stressors
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Homeostasis A state of being in which all systems are in balance around a
articular ideal "set-point"
Exhausation Point where body can no longer return to homeostasis
following a prolonged exposure to noxious agents
Allostatic Overload "Cost" of body's organs and tissues for an excessive or
ineffectively regulated allostatic response; effect of "wear and
tear" on the body
Adaptation Adaptation: biopsychosocial process of change in response to
new or altered circumstances, internal or external in origin
Coping: behavioral adaptive response to a stressor using
culturally based coping mechanisms
Adaptation and coping: terms used interchangeably
Arousal Includes alterations in responsiveness to homeostatic pressures,
sensory stimuli and emotional reactivity, and to changes in
motor activity
Function of Cortisol Primary glucocorticoid
Affects protein metabolism
Promotes appetite and food-seeking behaviors
Has anti-inflammatory effects
Chemical mediator in the inflammation response of the body
Adrenal corticosteroid critical to maintenance of homeostasis
May synergize or antagonize effects of catecholamines
Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function
Endocrine Communication Hormones traveling in the bloodstream
Long range signaling
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Advanced Pathophysiology
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8/27/26, 12:07 PM Advanced Pathophysiology: Exam 1 Flashcards | Quizlet
Terms in this set (155)
Chapter 1: Introduction to Pathophysiology
Risk Factor that when present increases the chance of disease
Not stressors, but conditions or situations that increase the
likelihood of encountering a stressor
Prevalence A measure of disease that allows us to determine a person's
likelihood of having a disease. Therefore, the number of
prevalent cases is the total number of cases of disease existing
in a population. A prevalence rate is the total number of cases
of a disease existing in a population divided by the total
population
Indicates how widespread the disease is
Incidence A measure of disease that allows us to determine a person's
probability of being diagnosed with a disease during a given
period of time. Therefore, incidence is the number of newly
diagnosed cases of a disease. An incidence rate is the number
of new cases of a disease divided by the number of persons at
risk for the disease.
Conveys information about the risk of contracting the disease.
Ratio The quantitative relation between two amounts showing the
number of times one value contains or is contained within the
other.
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Primary Prevention Altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible
persons
*Both illness and disease are absent
example: vaccinations, healthy lifestyles
Secondary Prevention Early detection, screening, and management of disease
*Illness absent, disease present
example: screenings and testings
Tertiary Prevention Rehabilitation, supportive care, reducing disability, and
restoring effective functioning
*Both illness and disease present
example: education
Epidemiology study of the patterns of disease involving populations;
examining the occurrence, incidence, prevalence, transmission,
and distribution of diseases in large groups of
populations/people
Endemic A disease theat is native to a local region
Epidemic When a disease is disseninated to many individals at the same
time
(spread to many people at the same time)
Pandemic Epidemics that affect large geographic regions, perhaps
spreading worldwide.
(spread to large geographic areas)
Chapter 2: Homeostasis and Adaptive
Responses to Stressors
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Homeostasis A state of being in which all systems are in balance around a
articular ideal "set-point"
Exhausation Point where body can no longer return to homeostasis
following a prolonged exposure to noxious agents
Allostatic Overload "Cost" of body's organs and tissues for an excessive or
ineffectively regulated allostatic response; effect of "wear and
tear" on the body
Adaptation Adaptation: biopsychosocial process of change in response to
new or altered circumstances, internal or external in origin
Coping: behavioral adaptive response to a stressor using
culturally based coping mechanisms
Adaptation and coping: terms used interchangeably
Arousal Includes alterations in responsiveness to homeostatic pressures,
sensory stimuli and emotional reactivity, and to changes in
motor activity
Function of Cortisol Primary glucocorticoid
Affects protein metabolism
Promotes appetite and food-seeking behaviors
Has anti-inflammatory effects
Chemical mediator in the inflammation response of the body
Adrenal corticosteroid critical to maintenance of homeostasis
May synergize or antagonize effects of catecholamines
Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function
Endocrine Communication Hormones traveling in the bloodstream
Long range signaling
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