Opportunities for people from coasts:
• Tourism: Cayman Islands, have 300,000 tourists annually, people attracted to coast with sandy beaches,
warm water, coral reefs, and hot climate
·
• Trade: ports allowed to import goods for the population and tourism duty-free shops are also available for
souvenirs
• Fishing: some earn their livings by fishing there are a lot of different species near coasts and corals
• sea salt: earns export, income, and high quality salt is produced from evaporated seawater
• Water supply: vital necessity on islands without rivers
• Employment: employment in hotels, restaurant, transporting tourists
Hazards facing a coastline: (tropical storms) Tropical cyclone Winston, Fiji, February 2016
• lost 7 to 14 days on average, winds of high • Wind speeds of 230 km/h and gusts at 325 km/h
speeds between 63 • Winds cause destructive waves, which affected
to 118 km/h the coast -> whole villagers were destroyed, as
• sea-surface temperatures must be at least well as scores, house, centres and homes
27°C • More than 40 people died and 40,000 seriously
• In summer or autumn after a long period of injured
heating • Quarrels were broken off. Many fish died.
• They form in the warm tropics between 5° • Mangrove trees were blown away, which will take
and 20° more than 10 years to recover
• Tropical storms cannot form on the equator • Damage to Fiji’s agriculture. 70% of the
as a factor of the earths rotation is needed population work for tourism after the cyclone
to make the Earth spin crops were destroyed in this role was to sort of
• There needs to be low latitude winds your crops to grow.
blowing • Estimated damage to crops and livestock was
• In the southern hemisphere, tropical storms over US$100 million
rotate clockwise • Water supply and sanitation were damaged
• in the northern hemisphere, tropical storms • The government provided food for everyone
rotate anticlockwise • FAO and Red Cross hard to provide food aid
• storm surges are an abnormal rise of water • Many countries gave financial donations to help
generated by a storm over and above the Fiji import large quantities of food is three years,
predicted, astronomical tide crop production was lost.
• Exports were down, imports were up
• The total cost of the damage was nearly 10% of
Fiji’s GDP
, • Coral reefs are communities of living organisms. Corals are made up of tiny marine
Keywords:
animals called polyps that multiply into colonies of millions.
• The coral polyps secrete hard calcium carbonate skeletons from the underside of their
Symbiotic relationship: a close
skin. Over time does curtains build up to form a hard, rocky mass.
and long-term biological
• Only the outer layer is made up of living polyps
interaction between two
• Algae that lives on the coral, provides energy for the polyps.
different biological organisms
• The algae use waste products from the polyps to make food and oxygen that polyps
(a mutually beneficial
then feed on. Sunlight is essential for algae growth.
relationship).
Statistics:
• The vast majority of coral reefs are found between 30°
north and 30° south of the equator How do rivers influence the growth of coral?
• South Asia has the highest percent of coral reefs(32%) • Rivers, deliver nutrients and sediments to coastal seeds, and
• The largest single roof system is the Great Barrier also be a source of low pH water
Reef. It has 2900 individual Reeves over 2300 km.
• Coral reefs are also popular near the red Sea, Indian Characteristics of reefs:
Ocean south east Asian and Pacific ocean. • A shallow lagoon: is formed when the inner part between the
roof on the mainland is deepened by erosion
Optimum characteristics: • Are usually less than 100 m wide
• optimum temperature: 22 to 25°C • Expand and grow out to see overtime
• Optimum temperature range: 18 to 25°C • Often end when there is a sudden drop in the sea floor
• Optimum depth: 10 m • A wide lagoon in between mainland and the barrier reef can
• Coral reef stop growing beneath 30 m be many kilometres wide
• Optimum salinity: 30 to 40 parts per 1000 (prefer water • Coral reefs don’t grow on lagoons as it’s too deep
with high salt content)
Social impacts:
• Many of the compound is now being used in human medicines, including some that we treat cancer are found in Coral reefs
• Coral reefs act like barriers that break up tsunamis in tropical storm wave’s energy by up to 97%.
Economic impacts:
• tourists coming to dive, they not only need drivers and guides, but also restaurants, hotels, commercial, and entertainment
facilities. In many cases, tourism associated with Reeves has expanded to transform the entire economy of a region.
• Some 250 million people, many in small island states & developing countries depend directly on collars for food and income
• Many individual corals and sponges consume particles found in the ocean. This enhances the clarity and quality of the water,
clear and clean water promote healthy coastal environments for tourism.
• The annual value of the ecosystem, goods and services provided by reefs to millions of people is estimated to be over $30
billion
Environmental impacts:
• 25% of marine life live on coral reefs
• They are the source of nitrogen and other essential nutrients from marine food chain
• If correctly managed, reefs can yield around 15 tons of fish & other seafood per square kilometre each year
• Reefs are the nurseries for young fish before they make their way to deeper seas and fishermen’s nets
• Tourism: Cayman Islands, have 300,000 tourists annually, people attracted to coast with sandy beaches,
warm water, coral reefs, and hot climate
·
• Trade: ports allowed to import goods for the population and tourism duty-free shops are also available for
souvenirs
• Fishing: some earn their livings by fishing there are a lot of different species near coasts and corals
• sea salt: earns export, income, and high quality salt is produced from evaporated seawater
• Water supply: vital necessity on islands without rivers
• Employment: employment in hotels, restaurant, transporting tourists
Hazards facing a coastline: (tropical storms) Tropical cyclone Winston, Fiji, February 2016
• lost 7 to 14 days on average, winds of high • Wind speeds of 230 km/h and gusts at 325 km/h
speeds between 63 • Winds cause destructive waves, which affected
to 118 km/h the coast -> whole villagers were destroyed, as
• sea-surface temperatures must be at least well as scores, house, centres and homes
27°C • More than 40 people died and 40,000 seriously
• In summer or autumn after a long period of injured
heating • Quarrels were broken off. Many fish died.
• They form in the warm tropics between 5° • Mangrove trees were blown away, which will take
and 20° more than 10 years to recover
• Tropical storms cannot form on the equator • Damage to Fiji’s agriculture. 70% of the
as a factor of the earths rotation is needed population work for tourism after the cyclone
to make the Earth spin crops were destroyed in this role was to sort of
• There needs to be low latitude winds your crops to grow.
blowing • Estimated damage to crops and livestock was
• In the southern hemisphere, tropical storms over US$100 million
rotate clockwise • Water supply and sanitation were damaged
• in the northern hemisphere, tropical storms • The government provided food for everyone
rotate anticlockwise • FAO and Red Cross hard to provide food aid
• storm surges are an abnormal rise of water • Many countries gave financial donations to help
generated by a storm over and above the Fiji import large quantities of food is three years,
predicted, astronomical tide crop production was lost.
• Exports were down, imports were up
• The total cost of the damage was nearly 10% of
Fiji’s GDP
, • Coral reefs are communities of living organisms. Corals are made up of tiny marine
Keywords:
animals called polyps that multiply into colonies of millions.
• The coral polyps secrete hard calcium carbonate skeletons from the underside of their
Symbiotic relationship: a close
skin. Over time does curtains build up to form a hard, rocky mass.
and long-term biological
• Only the outer layer is made up of living polyps
interaction between two
• Algae that lives on the coral, provides energy for the polyps.
different biological organisms
• The algae use waste products from the polyps to make food and oxygen that polyps
(a mutually beneficial
then feed on. Sunlight is essential for algae growth.
relationship).
Statistics:
• The vast majority of coral reefs are found between 30°
north and 30° south of the equator How do rivers influence the growth of coral?
• South Asia has the highest percent of coral reefs(32%) • Rivers, deliver nutrients and sediments to coastal seeds, and
• The largest single roof system is the Great Barrier also be a source of low pH water
Reef. It has 2900 individual Reeves over 2300 km.
• Coral reefs are also popular near the red Sea, Indian Characteristics of reefs:
Ocean south east Asian and Pacific ocean. • A shallow lagoon: is formed when the inner part between the
roof on the mainland is deepened by erosion
Optimum characteristics: • Are usually less than 100 m wide
• optimum temperature: 22 to 25°C • Expand and grow out to see overtime
• Optimum temperature range: 18 to 25°C • Often end when there is a sudden drop in the sea floor
• Optimum depth: 10 m • A wide lagoon in between mainland and the barrier reef can
• Coral reef stop growing beneath 30 m be many kilometres wide
• Optimum salinity: 30 to 40 parts per 1000 (prefer water • Coral reefs don’t grow on lagoons as it’s too deep
with high salt content)
Social impacts:
• Many of the compound is now being used in human medicines, including some that we treat cancer are found in Coral reefs
• Coral reefs act like barriers that break up tsunamis in tropical storm wave’s energy by up to 97%.
Economic impacts:
• tourists coming to dive, they not only need drivers and guides, but also restaurants, hotels, commercial, and entertainment
facilities. In many cases, tourism associated with Reeves has expanded to transform the entire economy of a region.
• Some 250 million people, many in small island states & developing countries depend directly on collars for food and income
• Many individual corals and sponges consume particles found in the ocean. This enhances the clarity and quality of the water,
clear and clean water promote healthy coastal environments for tourism.
• The annual value of the ecosystem, goods and services provided by reefs to millions of people is estimated to be over $30
billion
Environmental impacts:
• 25% of marine life live on coral reefs
• They are the source of nitrogen and other essential nutrients from marine food chain
• If correctly managed, reefs can yield around 15 tons of fish & other seafood per square kilometre each year
• Reefs are the nurseries for young fish before they make their way to deeper seas and fishermen’s nets
