NUR 198 COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔General Surgical Client Diagnostics/Procedures - ✔✔Pre-op labs: CBC, PT/INR,
CMP, pregnancy test, Chest X-ray, ECG (older adults)
✔✔General Surgical Client Clinical Manifestations (Concerns) - ✔✔N/V, Hypothermia,
Atelectasis, Bleeding, Pain, Delayed wound healing
✔✔General Surgical Client Medical Management - ✔✔Anesthesia: general, local,
regional, Intra-op monitoring (VS, output, blood loss)
✔✔General Surgical Client Nursing Management - ✔✔Pre-op: informed consent, NPO
status, teaching, Intra-op: monitor sterile field, time-outs, patient positioning, Post-op:
monitor VS, pain, I&O, dressing, mobility, complications (DVT, infection)
✔✔General Surgical Client Client Teaching - ✔✔Pre-op expectations, Incentive
spirometer use, Pain scale use, Early ambulation post-op, S/S of infection to report at
home
✔✔Bariatric Surgery Clients Pathophysiology - ✔✔Malabsorptive or restrictive weight-
loss surgery
✔✔Bariatric Surgery Clients Diagnostics - ✔✔CBC, vitamin levels, glucose, iron, B12,
Pre-op psych eval
✔✔Bariatric Surgery Clients Clinical Manifestations - ✔✔N/V, diarrhea post-meals, Poor
vitamin absorption, Risk for gallstones
✔✔Bariatric Surgery Clients Medical Management - ✔✔Lifelong supplements (iron,
B12, calcium, D), Post-op diet: clear → pureed → soft → solids
,✔✔Bariatric Surgery Clients Nursing Management - ✔✔HOB elevated, Pain control,
Monitor for anastomotic leak (tachycardia, fever, pain), Teach diet progression
✔✔Bariatric Surgery Clients Client Teaching - ✔✔Small, frequent meals, Avoid simple
sugars, Chew food thoroughly, Lifelong vitamin supplementation
✔✔General Pain Pathophysiology - ✔✔Sensory + emotional experience from tissue
damage
✔✔General Pain Acute vs. - ✔✔Acute vs.
✔✔Pain scale (0-10) - ✔✔A numerical scale used to assess the intensity of pain, where
0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates the worst pain imaginable.
✔✔Functional impact assessments - ✔✔Evaluations that measure how pain affects a
person's ability to perform daily activities.
✔✔Grimacing - ✔✔A facial expression that indicates pain or discomfort.
✔✔Guarding - ✔✔A protective behavior where a person tenses their muscles to avoid
pain.
✔✔Pharmacologic management - ✔✔The use of medications such as opioids, NSAIDs,
acetaminophen, and PCA (Patient-Controlled Analgesia) to manage pain.
✔✔PCA (Patient-Controlled Analgesia) - ✔✔Delivers patient-controlled opioid doses
with safety limits.
✔✔Opioid side effect warning signs - ✔✔Signs that indicate potential adverse effects
from opioid use.
✔✔Skin Cancer - ✔✔Includes Basal, Squamous, and Melanoma types caused by UV
light damaging DNA.
✔✔Basal Cell Carcinoma - ✔✔Clinical manifestation includes a pearly papule.
✔✔Squamous Cell Carcinoma - ✔✔Clinical manifestation includes a crusted red
nodule.
✔✔Melanoma - ✔✔Clinical manifestation includes irregular border, color changes, and
size >6mm.
✔✔Wound Care - ✔✔Post-operative or biopsy care to prevent infection and promote
healing.
, ✔✔Erythema - ✔✔Redness of the skin, often a sign of inflammation.
✔✔Tachypnea - ✔✔Rapid breathing, often a sign of respiratory distress.
✔✔Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) - ✔✔Intermittent upper airway obstruction during
sleep leading to hypoxia and fragmented sleep.
✔✔Laryngitis - ✔✔Viral/bacterial inflammation of the upper airway causing hoarseness
and sore throat.
✔✔Pneumonia - ✔✔Infection causing inflammation of alveoli with fluid/pus
accumulation impairing gas exchange.
✔✔COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) - ✔✔Progressive, irreversible
airflow limitation due to chronic bronchitis/emphysema.
✔✔Asthma - ✔✔Reversible airway inflammation & bronchospasm triggered by
allergens, cold, stress.
✔✔Status Asthmaticus - ✔✔Severe, prolonged asthma attack unresponsive to standard
treatment.
✔✔Pulmonary Embolism (PE) - ✔✔Clot blocking pulmonary artery leading to decreased
perfusion and oxygenation.
✔✔Hypertension (HTN) - ✔✔Chronic elevation of blood pressure damaging vessels and
increasing cardiac workload.
✔✔Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) - ✔✔Atherosclerotic plaque in coronary arteries
leading to decreased blood flow and myocardial ischemia.
✔✔Myocardial Infarction (MI) - ✔✔Complete blockage of coronary artery resulting in
myocardial necrosis.
✔✔Heart Failure (HF) - ✔✔Ineffective pumping of the heart leading to decreased
cardiac output and fluid backup.
✔✔Dysrhythmias - ✔✔Electrical conduction disturbances in the heart causing irregular
heartbeats.
✔✔Valvular Heart Disease - ✔✔Stenosis or regurgitation of valves impairing blood flow
and increasing cardiac workload.
ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔General Surgical Client Diagnostics/Procedures - ✔✔Pre-op labs: CBC, PT/INR,
CMP, pregnancy test, Chest X-ray, ECG (older adults)
✔✔General Surgical Client Clinical Manifestations (Concerns) - ✔✔N/V, Hypothermia,
Atelectasis, Bleeding, Pain, Delayed wound healing
✔✔General Surgical Client Medical Management - ✔✔Anesthesia: general, local,
regional, Intra-op monitoring (VS, output, blood loss)
✔✔General Surgical Client Nursing Management - ✔✔Pre-op: informed consent, NPO
status, teaching, Intra-op: monitor sterile field, time-outs, patient positioning, Post-op:
monitor VS, pain, I&O, dressing, mobility, complications (DVT, infection)
✔✔General Surgical Client Client Teaching - ✔✔Pre-op expectations, Incentive
spirometer use, Pain scale use, Early ambulation post-op, S/S of infection to report at
home
✔✔Bariatric Surgery Clients Pathophysiology - ✔✔Malabsorptive or restrictive weight-
loss surgery
✔✔Bariatric Surgery Clients Diagnostics - ✔✔CBC, vitamin levels, glucose, iron, B12,
Pre-op psych eval
✔✔Bariatric Surgery Clients Clinical Manifestations - ✔✔N/V, diarrhea post-meals, Poor
vitamin absorption, Risk for gallstones
✔✔Bariatric Surgery Clients Medical Management - ✔✔Lifelong supplements (iron,
B12, calcium, D), Post-op diet: clear → pureed → soft → solids
,✔✔Bariatric Surgery Clients Nursing Management - ✔✔HOB elevated, Pain control,
Monitor for anastomotic leak (tachycardia, fever, pain), Teach diet progression
✔✔Bariatric Surgery Clients Client Teaching - ✔✔Small, frequent meals, Avoid simple
sugars, Chew food thoroughly, Lifelong vitamin supplementation
✔✔General Pain Pathophysiology - ✔✔Sensory + emotional experience from tissue
damage
✔✔General Pain Acute vs. - ✔✔Acute vs.
✔✔Pain scale (0-10) - ✔✔A numerical scale used to assess the intensity of pain, where
0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates the worst pain imaginable.
✔✔Functional impact assessments - ✔✔Evaluations that measure how pain affects a
person's ability to perform daily activities.
✔✔Grimacing - ✔✔A facial expression that indicates pain or discomfort.
✔✔Guarding - ✔✔A protective behavior where a person tenses their muscles to avoid
pain.
✔✔Pharmacologic management - ✔✔The use of medications such as opioids, NSAIDs,
acetaminophen, and PCA (Patient-Controlled Analgesia) to manage pain.
✔✔PCA (Patient-Controlled Analgesia) - ✔✔Delivers patient-controlled opioid doses
with safety limits.
✔✔Opioid side effect warning signs - ✔✔Signs that indicate potential adverse effects
from opioid use.
✔✔Skin Cancer - ✔✔Includes Basal, Squamous, and Melanoma types caused by UV
light damaging DNA.
✔✔Basal Cell Carcinoma - ✔✔Clinical manifestation includes a pearly papule.
✔✔Squamous Cell Carcinoma - ✔✔Clinical manifestation includes a crusted red
nodule.
✔✔Melanoma - ✔✔Clinical manifestation includes irregular border, color changes, and
size >6mm.
✔✔Wound Care - ✔✔Post-operative or biopsy care to prevent infection and promote
healing.
, ✔✔Erythema - ✔✔Redness of the skin, often a sign of inflammation.
✔✔Tachypnea - ✔✔Rapid breathing, often a sign of respiratory distress.
✔✔Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) - ✔✔Intermittent upper airway obstruction during
sleep leading to hypoxia and fragmented sleep.
✔✔Laryngitis - ✔✔Viral/bacterial inflammation of the upper airway causing hoarseness
and sore throat.
✔✔Pneumonia - ✔✔Infection causing inflammation of alveoli with fluid/pus
accumulation impairing gas exchange.
✔✔COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) - ✔✔Progressive, irreversible
airflow limitation due to chronic bronchitis/emphysema.
✔✔Asthma - ✔✔Reversible airway inflammation & bronchospasm triggered by
allergens, cold, stress.
✔✔Status Asthmaticus - ✔✔Severe, prolonged asthma attack unresponsive to standard
treatment.
✔✔Pulmonary Embolism (PE) - ✔✔Clot blocking pulmonary artery leading to decreased
perfusion and oxygenation.
✔✔Hypertension (HTN) - ✔✔Chronic elevation of blood pressure damaging vessels and
increasing cardiac workload.
✔✔Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) - ✔✔Atherosclerotic plaque in coronary arteries
leading to decreased blood flow and myocardial ischemia.
✔✔Myocardial Infarction (MI) - ✔✔Complete blockage of coronary artery resulting in
myocardial necrosis.
✔✔Heart Failure (HF) - ✔✔Ineffective pumping of the heart leading to decreased
cardiac output and fluid backup.
✔✔Dysrhythmias - ✔✔Electrical conduction disturbances in the heart causing irregular
heartbeats.
✔✔Valvular Heart Disease - ✔✔Stenosis or regurgitation of valves impairing blood flow
and increasing cardiac workload.
