NSG 5003 ACTUAL FINALS QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔What is the effect of burns on total body water? - ✔✔Burns can lead to an increase
in total body water due to fluid loss and the body's compensatory mechanisms.
✔✔What is the role of dietary intake in potassium levels? - ✔✔Dietary intake of
potassium is important for maintaining normal serum levels, but dietary causes of
hypokalemia are uncommon.
✔✔What is the relationship between potassium and insulin in diabetes? - ✔✔In insulin-
dependent diabetes mellitus, insulin administration can cause potassium to shift back
into cells, potentially leading to hypokalemia.
✔✔What is the significance of total body water (TBW) in electrolyte balance? - ✔✔Total
body water is crucial for maintaining electrolyte balance and can affect serum
concentrations of electrolytes like sodium.
✔✔Glucagon - ✔✔A hormone administered to treat beta-blocker overdose or
hypoglycemia.
✔✔Sodium Bicarbonate - ✔✔A treatment that corrects metabolic acidosis and lowers
serum potassium levels.
✔✔Calcium Gluconate - ✔✔A medication used to restore normal neuromuscular
irritability when serum potassium levels are dangerously high.
✔✔Osmosis - ✔✔The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane from a
region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher concentration.
✔✔Apoptosis - ✔✔An active process of programmed cell death.
, ✔✔Immune Response Activation - ✔✔The immune response is characterized by the
activation of T cells and B cells.
✔✔Functions of Antibodies - ✔✔Antibodies protect the host by neutralizing bacterial
toxins and blocking phagocytosis.
✔✔Margination - ✔✔The process by which phagocytes stick to the walls of capillaries
and venules.
✔✔Allergens - ✔✔Antigens that cause allergic responses.
✔✔Type I Hypersensitivity - ✔✔The most common hypersensitivity disorder
characterized by an immediate reaction.
✔✔Oncogenes - ✔✔Genes capable of causing cancer when mutated to promote tissue
proliferation.
✔✔Chromosome Translocation - ✔✔A mutation where a piece of one chromosome is
fused to another, as seen in Burkitt lymphoma.
✔✔Gene Amplification - ✔✔A mutation that increases the number of copies of a gene,
leading to overexpression.
✔✔Tumor Suppressor Genes - ✔✔Genes that prevent uncontrolled cell growth;
inactivation requires two hits.
✔✔Chronic Inflammation and Cancer - ✔✔Chronic inflammation can cause cancer by
altering cellular responses to DNA damage.
✔✔TP53 Gene Function Loss - ✔✔Loss of the TP53 gene function results in cells
escaping apoptosis.
✔✔Gastrointestinal Tract Condition - ✔✔A condition that can result from both
chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
✔✔What is the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast
growth factor (bFGF) in cell metastasis? - ✔✔They develop new blood vessels to feed
cancer cells.
✔✔What does it mean if a tumor is in stage 2? - ✔✔The cancer is confined to the organ
of origin.
✔✔Which statement is true regarding pain and cancer? - ✔✔Pain is generally
associated with late-stage cancer.
ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔What is the effect of burns on total body water? - ✔✔Burns can lead to an increase
in total body water due to fluid loss and the body's compensatory mechanisms.
✔✔What is the role of dietary intake in potassium levels? - ✔✔Dietary intake of
potassium is important for maintaining normal serum levels, but dietary causes of
hypokalemia are uncommon.
✔✔What is the relationship between potassium and insulin in diabetes? - ✔✔In insulin-
dependent diabetes mellitus, insulin administration can cause potassium to shift back
into cells, potentially leading to hypokalemia.
✔✔What is the significance of total body water (TBW) in electrolyte balance? - ✔✔Total
body water is crucial for maintaining electrolyte balance and can affect serum
concentrations of electrolytes like sodium.
✔✔Glucagon - ✔✔A hormone administered to treat beta-blocker overdose or
hypoglycemia.
✔✔Sodium Bicarbonate - ✔✔A treatment that corrects metabolic acidosis and lowers
serum potassium levels.
✔✔Calcium Gluconate - ✔✔A medication used to restore normal neuromuscular
irritability when serum potassium levels are dangerously high.
✔✔Osmosis - ✔✔The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane from a
region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher concentration.
✔✔Apoptosis - ✔✔An active process of programmed cell death.
, ✔✔Immune Response Activation - ✔✔The immune response is characterized by the
activation of T cells and B cells.
✔✔Functions of Antibodies - ✔✔Antibodies protect the host by neutralizing bacterial
toxins and blocking phagocytosis.
✔✔Margination - ✔✔The process by which phagocytes stick to the walls of capillaries
and venules.
✔✔Allergens - ✔✔Antigens that cause allergic responses.
✔✔Type I Hypersensitivity - ✔✔The most common hypersensitivity disorder
characterized by an immediate reaction.
✔✔Oncogenes - ✔✔Genes capable of causing cancer when mutated to promote tissue
proliferation.
✔✔Chromosome Translocation - ✔✔A mutation where a piece of one chromosome is
fused to another, as seen in Burkitt lymphoma.
✔✔Gene Amplification - ✔✔A mutation that increases the number of copies of a gene,
leading to overexpression.
✔✔Tumor Suppressor Genes - ✔✔Genes that prevent uncontrolled cell growth;
inactivation requires two hits.
✔✔Chronic Inflammation and Cancer - ✔✔Chronic inflammation can cause cancer by
altering cellular responses to DNA damage.
✔✔TP53 Gene Function Loss - ✔✔Loss of the TP53 gene function results in cells
escaping apoptosis.
✔✔Gastrointestinal Tract Condition - ✔✔A condition that can result from both
chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
✔✔What is the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast
growth factor (bFGF) in cell metastasis? - ✔✔They develop new blood vessels to feed
cancer cells.
✔✔What does it mean if a tumor is in stage 2? - ✔✔The cancer is confined to the organ
of origin.
✔✔Which statement is true regarding pain and cancer? - ✔✔Pain is generally
associated with late-stage cancer.
