HURST STUCY GUIDE SET QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔what kind of pt has a increased incidence of cancer? - ✔✔- immunosuppressed
✔✔the most important risk factor for cancer is what? - ✔✔- aging
- that is why there is a higher incidence of cancer > age 60
✔✔what culture has a high incidence of cancer? - ✔✔- african americans followed by
Caucasians
✔✔what are some examples of primary prevention things one can follow to prevent
cancer? - ✔✔- no smoking
- exercise and good nutrition
- limit or eliminate alcohol intake
- HPV vaccine
✔✔what is an example of a secondary prevention when dealing with cancer? - ✔✔-
screenings to pick up cancer early, when there is a greater chance for cure or control
✔✔what are some examples of secondary prevention in females when dealing with
cancer? - ✔✔- breast self awarenes
- mammograms
- colonscopy
✔✔beginning at what age should women be told about benefits and limitations of
monthly breaast self exams ( BSE) - ✔✔20 s
✔✔What days of the menstrual cycle are best for doing the breast self exam? - ✔✔-
anytime from day 7 through day 12
✔✔how often should women 40 years of age get a breast exam ? - ✔✔- yearly
,✔✔between ages 20-39 they should get a breast exam how often? - ✔✔- every 3 years
✔✔at what age do mammograms annually start? ( with two views of each breast) - ✔✔-
40
✔✔Before a mammogram what should the client not have on their body? - ✔✔no lotion,
no powder, and NO DEODORANT !!!!!
✔✔pap smears beginning at age ______ are performed every ___________ years if
there have been no problems. - ✔✔- 21
-3
✔✔at what age do females start getting a colonscopy ? - ✔✔50
- and then every 10 years if there have no problems
✔✔how often should females have their stool tested for fecal occult blood? - ✔✔- yearly
beginning at age 50 unless previous problems or a positive family history
✔✔for seconday prevention in males how often should testicular exams be performed?
- ✔✔- yearly
✔✔at what age should males get a colonscopy? - ✔✔- 50 and then every 10 years
✔✔fecal occult blood testing should be done how often in males? - ✔✔- yearly over the
age of 50
✔✔tertiary prevention - ✔✔focuses on the management of long term care for clients
with complex treatments for cancer
✔✔what are some examples of tertiary care? - ✔✔- support groups and rehabilitation
programs
✔✔what are some S/S of cancer? - ✔✔- CAUTION
C- CHANGE IN BOWEL/BLADDER
A- A SORE THAT DOES NOT HEAL
U- UNUSUAL BLEEDING/DISCHARGE
T- THICKENING OR LUMP IN BREAST OR ELSEWHERE
I- INDIGESTION OR DIFFICULTY SWALLOWING
O- OBVIOUS CHANGE IN WART OR MOLE
N- NAGGING COUGH OR HOARSENESS
✔✔cancer can invade the bone marrow which can lead to what? - ✔✔- anemia,
leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia
,✔✔leukopenia - ✔✔low WBC count
✔✔what are 4 bleeding precautions to follow ? - ✔✔- use an electric razor
- use a soft toothbrush
- no IMs
- quiet play for children
✔✔cachexia means what? - ✔✔- extreme wasting and malnutrition
✔✔fever is an early sign of what in cancer pts? - ✔✔- blood cancer and lymphoma
✔✔what is the #1 symptom that clients complain of with a diagnosis of cancer? - ✔✔-
fatigue
✔✔what are the 5 different WBCs? - ✔✔- neutrophils
- lymphocytes
- basophils
- eosinophils
- monocytes
✔✔what are some blood tests that are abdnormal when dealing with cancer pts? - ✔✔-
abnormal CBC & diff
- * ALWAYS WORRY ABOUT THE NEUTROPHIL COUNT*
- elevated liver enzymes; AST and ALT
- tumor markers ( biomarkers)
✔✔what are some positive diagnostic studies that are done on cancer patients? - ✔✔-
chest x ray
- CT scan
- MRI
- PET scan
- Bone marrow biopsy
✔✔curative surgery is the treatment for what? - ✔✔- laryngeal cancer
✔✔total laryngectomy - ✔✔Surgical removal of the entire larynx
- vocal cords, epiglottis, thyroid cartilage
✔✔since the whole larynx ( remember this includes epiglottis) is removed, this client will
have a permanent what? - ✔✔- trach
- laryngectomy
, ✔✔how does one position themselves after a largynectomy? - ✔✔- mid- fowlers ( 30-45
degrees)
✔✔with a total laryngectomy , all breathing is done through the what? - ✔✔- stoma
✔✔how does a client with a total laryngectomy talk? - ✔✔- use an electrolarynx, but the
blom singer device is the most common device that they use to talk
✔✔can a client with a total laryngectomy whistle? - ✔✔- no
✔✔can a client with a total larygectomy drink through a straw? - ✔✔- no
✔✔can a client with a total laryngectomy smoke? - ✔✔- not recommended
✔✔can a client with a total larygnectomy swim? - ✔✔- not recommended
✔✔reconstruction is commonly used for what? - ✔✔- breast cancer
✔✔a mastectomy may be what? - ✔✔- partial or total ( radical)
✔✔what kind of post op care is given following a mastectomy ? - ✔✔- bleeding ----->
check dressings, front and back ( pooling or blood can occur)
✔✔if reconstruction includes using their own tissue, they will also have an
______________ surgical site - ✔✔abdominal
✔✔after havin a mastectomy what can you NOT do on that side ? - ✔✔- no constriction,
no BPs, no blouses with elastic, no watch , no iv stick
✔✔brachytherapy is either _____________ or __________________ - ✔✔unsealed or
sealed
✔✔what are some precautions when dealing with internal radiation? - ✔✔- nursing
assignments should be rotated daily , so that the nurse is not continuously exposed
- the nurse should only care for 1 client with a radiation implant in a given shift!!!!!!!!
- private room
- no preg visitors
✔✔how can on help prevent dislodgement of the implant during radiation? - ✔✔- keep
client on bedrest
- decrease fiber in the diet ( low residue)
- prevent bladder distention
ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔what kind of pt has a increased incidence of cancer? - ✔✔- immunosuppressed
✔✔the most important risk factor for cancer is what? - ✔✔- aging
- that is why there is a higher incidence of cancer > age 60
✔✔what culture has a high incidence of cancer? - ✔✔- african americans followed by
Caucasians
✔✔what are some examples of primary prevention things one can follow to prevent
cancer? - ✔✔- no smoking
- exercise and good nutrition
- limit or eliminate alcohol intake
- HPV vaccine
✔✔what is an example of a secondary prevention when dealing with cancer? - ✔✔-
screenings to pick up cancer early, when there is a greater chance for cure or control
✔✔what are some examples of secondary prevention in females when dealing with
cancer? - ✔✔- breast self awarenes
- mammograms
- colonscopy
✔✔beginning at what age should women be told about benefits and limitations of
monthly breaast self exams ( BSE) - ✔✔20 s
✔✔What days of the menstrual cycle are best for doing the breast self exam? - ✔✔-
anytime from day 7 through day 12
✔✔how often should women 40 years of age get a breast exam ? - ✔✔- yearly
,✔✔between ages 20-39 they should get a breast exam how often? - ✔✔- every 3 years
✔✔at what age do mammograms annually start? ( with two views of each breast) - ✔✔-
40
✔✔Before a mammogram what should the client not have on their body? - ✔✔no lotion,
no powder, and NO DEODORANT !!!!!
✔✔pap smears beginning at age ______ are performed every ___________ years if
there have been no problems. - ✔✔- 21
-3
✔✔at what age do females start getting a colonscopy ? - ✔✔50
- and then every 10 years if there have no problems
✔✔how often should females have their stool tested for fecal occult blood? - ✔✔- yearly
beginning at age 50 unless previous problems or a positive family history
✔✔for seconday prevention in males how often should testicular exams be performed?
- ✔✔- yearly
✔✔at what age should males get a colonscopy? - ✔✔- 50 and then every 10 years
✔✔fecal occult blood testing should be done how often in males? - ✔✔- yearly over the
age of 50
✔✔tertiary prevention - ✔✔focuses on the management of long term care for clients
with complex treatments for cancer
✔✔what are some examples of tertiary care? - ✔✔- support groups and rehabilitation
programs
✔✔what are some S/S of cancer? - ✔✔- CAUTION
C- CHANGE IN BOWEL/BLADDER
A- A SORE THAT DOES NOT HEAL
U- UNUSUAL BLEEDING/DISCHARGE
T- THICKENING OR LUMP IN BREAST OR ELSEWHERE
I- INDIGESTION OR DIFFICULTY SWALLOWING
O- OBVIOUS CHANGE IN WART OR MOLE
N- NAGGING COUGH OR HOARSENESS
✔✔cancer can invade the bone marrow which can lead to what? - ✔✔- anemia,
leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia
,✔✔leukopenia - ✔✔low WBC count
✔✔what are 4 bleeding precautions to follow ? - ✔✔- use an electric razor
- use a soft toothbrush
- no IMs
- quiet play for children
✔✔cachexia means what? - ✔✔- extreme wasting and malnutrition
✔✔fever is an early sign of what in cancer pts? - ✔✔- blood cancer and lymphoma
✔✔what is the #1 symptom that clients complain of with a diagnosis of cancer? - ✔✔-
fatigue
✔✔what are the 5 different WBCs? - ✔✔- neutrophils
- lymphocytes
- basophils
- eosinophils
- monocytes
✔✔what are some blood tests that are abdnormal when dealing with cancer pts? - ✔✔-
abnormal CBC & diff
- * ALWAYS WORRY ABOUT THE NEUTROPHIL COUNT*
- elevated liver enzymes; AST and ALT
- tumor markers ( biomarkers)
✔✔what are some positive diagnostic studies that are done on cancer patients? - ✔✔-
chest x ray
- CT scan
- MRI
- PET scan
- Bone marrow biopsy
✔✔curative surgery is the treatment for what? - ✔✔- laryngeal cancer
✔✔total laryngectomy - ✔✔Surgical removal of the entire larynx
- vocal cords, epiglottis, thyroid cartilage
✔✔since the whole larynx ( remember this includes epiglottis) is removed, this client will
have a permanent what? - ✔✔- trach
- laryngectomy
, ✔✔how does one position themselves after a largynectomy? - ✔✔- mid- fowlers ( 30-45
degrees)
✔✔with a total laryngectomy , all breathing is done through the what? - ✔✔- stoma
✔✔how does a client with a total laryngectomy talk? - ✔✔- use an electrolarynx, but the
blom singer device is the most common device that they use to talk
✔✔can a client with a total laryngectomy whistle? - ✔✔- no
✔✔can a client with a total larygectomy drink through a straw? - ✔✔- no
✔✔can a client with a total laryngectomy smoke? - ✔✔- not recommended
✔✔can a client with a total larygnectomy swim? - ✔✔- not recommended
✔✔reconstruction is commonly used for what? - ✔✔- breast cancer
✔✔a mastectomy may be what? - ✔✔- partial or total ( radical)
✔✔what kind of post op care is given following a mastectomy ? - ✔✔- bleeding ----->
check dressings, front and back ( pooling or blood can occur)
✔✔if reconstruction includes using their own tissue, they will also have an
______________ surgical site - ✔✔abdominal
✔✔after havin a mastectomy what can you NOT do on that side ? - ✔✔- no constriction,
no BPs, no blouses with elastic, no watch , no iv stick
✔✔brachytherapy is either _____________ or __________________ - ✔✔unsealed or
sealed
✔✔what are some precautions when dealing with internal radiation? - ✔✔- nursing
assignments should be rotated daily , so that the nurse is not continuously exposed
- the nurse should only care for 1 client with a radiation implant in a given shift!!!!!!!!
- private room
- no preg visitors
✔✔how can on help prevent dislodgement of the implant during radiation? - ✔✔- keep
client on bedrest
- decrease fiber in the diet ( low residue)
- prevent bladder distention
