NUR 2356 STUDY EXAM GUIDE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔A nurse notices their patient is having a blood transfusion reaction. What are the
appropriate steps they must take? - ✔✔1. STOP THE TRANSFUSION
2. Maintain a patent IV line and notify the doctor
3. save donor blood to recroscsmatch with the patients blood
4. monitor for evidence of shock
5. send samples of the patients urine to lab
6. observe for signs of hemorrhage
7. may administer acetaminophen or diphenhydramine
8. Transfusion may be restarted after medication administration depending on the type
of transfusion
✔✔Define hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and what are stem cells able
to do? - ✔✔-Uses harvested, unique immature cells (stem cells) to grow into new bone
marrow producing cells
-Stem cells are able to differentiate into any type of hematologic cell
✔✔Where are hematopoietic stem cells harvested from? - ✔✔Bone marrow, peripheral
blood, and umbilical blood
✔✔What are the 2 types of stem cell transplant and their definitions? - ✔✔Autologous =
patients own stem cells are used
,Alogenic = stem cells from a donor are used
✔✔Match the patient to the site of bone marrow harvesting (sites can be used more
than once):
Infant/young children
Children over 5
Adults
Tibia
Iliac crest (pelvis)
Sternum - ✔✔Infant/ young children: tibia
Children over 5: iliac crest (pelvis)
Adults: sternum or iliac crest
✔✔A nursing student is telling her instructor what she knows about bone marrow
transplants. Which options may need more teaching?
"It destroys the patients existing bone marrow"
"It is a process of 7-10 days of high dose chemo and radiation"
"The donated bone marrow is administered via central venous catheter" - ✔✔NONE! all
options are correct
✔✔What complications can occur from bone marrow transplant or stem cell transplant?
- ✔✔GRAFT VS HOST DISEASE (GVHD) - risk with allogenic donor cells
graft failure, infection, electrolyte imbalance, and bleeding
✔✔A patient presents to the hospital with a maculopapular skin rash/ full thickness
wounds, abdominal pain and cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, jaundice (and
possible other liver problems), and elevated liver enzymes after receiving a transplant.
What issue are they having? - ✔✔Graft vs host disease
An acute infection is within the first 100 days
The liver failure is an indication of serious illness with poor prognosis
✔✔A nurse is treating a child with a hematologic disorder. The family and younger
siblings are very involved in the child's life. What are the effects on the family that the
nurse should be aware of? - ✔✔Parents:
-the survival of the child
, -Responsibility
-Child care
-Finiancial
Siblings
-"What about me?"
-Magical thinking - feel like they could have caused it
✔✔what are the most common cancers in children 0-14? - ✔✔-leukemia
-brain and CNS tumors
-lymphomas
-soft tissue sarcomas (half are rhabdomyosarcoma)
-neuroblastoma
-kidney tumors
✔✔What are the most common cancers in adolescents 15-19? - ✔✔-Brain and CNS
tumors
-lymphoma
-leukemia
-gonadal (testicular and ovarian)
-germ cell tumors
-thyroid cancer
-melanoma
✔✔what tumors happen more frequently in African Americans and Caucasian? - ✔✔AA-
tumor of kidney and soft tissues
C- tumor of bone
✔✔A nursing student sees that a child is receiving a much longer chemo treatment than
an adult and thinks that there is a mistake. Why is the student wrong? - ✔✔Children
need a longer treatment because they have a faster metabolic rate
✔✔Characteristics of normal cells and their definitions. - ✔✔Cell cycle - 5 phases
differentiation - look the same but are actually different (EX: muscle cells- heart muscle
different than skeletal muscle but they are all muscles)
Cell inhibition - Cells contact each other, line up, grow to a certain point and then stop
✔✔Cancer/ malignant cells flourish in what kind of environment? - ✔✔antagonistic
✔✔Characteristics of cancerous/ malignant cells - ✔✔cancer cells don't follow rules of
replication
ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔A nurse notices their patient is having a blood transfusion reaction. What are the
appropriate steps they must take? - ✔✔1. STOP THE TRANSFUSION
2. Maintain a patent IV line and notify the doctor
3. save donor blood to recroscsmatch with the patients blood
4. monitor for evidence of shock
5. send samples of the patients urine to lab
6. observe for signs of hemorrhage
7. may administer acetaminophen or diphenhydramine
8. Transfusion may be restarted after medication administration depending on the type
of transfusion
✔✔Define hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and what are stem cells able
to do? - ✔✔-Uses harvested, unique immature cells (stem cells) to grow into new bone
marrow producing cells
-Stem cells are able to differentiate into any type of hematologic cell
✔✔Where are hematopoietic stem cells harvested from? - ✔✔Bone marrow, peripheral
blood, and umbilical blood
✔✔What are the 2 types of stem cell transplant and their definitions? - ✔✔Autologous =
patients own stem cells are used
,Alogenic = stem cells from a donor are used
✔✔Match the patient to the site of bone marrow harvesting (sites can be used more
than once):
Infant/young children
Children over 5
Adults
Tibia
Iliac crest (pelvis)
Sternum - ✔✔Infant/ young children: tibia
Children over 5: iliac crest (pelvis)
Adults: sternum or iliac crest
✔✔A nursing student is telling her instructor what she knows about bone marrow
transplants. Which options may need more teaching?
"It destroys the patients existing bone marrow"
"It is a process of 7-10 days of high dose chemo and radiation"
"The donated bone marrow is administered via central venous catheter" - ✔✔NONE! all
options are correct
✔✔What complications can occur from bone marrow transplant or stem cell transplant?
- ✔✔GRAFT VS HOST DISEASE (GVHD) - risk with allogenic donor cells
graft failure, infection, electrolyte imbalance, and bleeding
✔✔A patient presents to the hospital with a maculopapular skin rash/ full thickness
wounds, abdominal pain and cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, jaundice (and
possible other liver problems), and elevated liver enzymes after receiving a transplant.
What issue are they having? - ✔✔Graft vs host disease
An acute infection is within the first 100 days
The liver failure is an indication of serious illness with poor prognosis
✔✔A nurse is treating a child with a hematologic disorder. The family and younger
siblings are very involved in the child's life. What are the effects on the family that the
nurse should be aware of? - ✔✔Parents:
-the survival of the child
, -Responsibility
-Child care
-Finiancial
Siblings
-"What about me?"
-Magical thinking - feel like they could have caused it
✔✔what are the most common cancers in children 0-14? - ✔✔-leukemia
-brain and CNS tumors
-lymphomas
-soft tissue sarcomas (half are rhabdomyosarcoma)
-neuroblastoma
-kidney tumors
✔✔What are the most common cancers in adolescents 15-19? - ✔✔-Brain and CNS
tumors
-lymphoma
-leukemia
-gonadal (testicular and ovarian)
-germ cell tumors
-thyroid cancer
-melanoma
✔✔what tumors happen more frequently in African Americans and Caucasian? - ✔✔AA-
tumor of kidney and soft tissues
C- tumor of bone
✔✔A nursing student sees that a child is receiving a much longer chemo treatment than
an adult and thinks that there is a mistake. Why is the student wrong? - ✔✔Children
need a longer treatment because they have a faster metabolic rate
✔✔Characteristics of normal cells and their definitions. - ✔✔Cell cycle - 5 phases
differentiation - look the same but are actually different (EX: muscle cells- heart muscle
different than skeletal muscle but they are all muscles)
Cell inhibition - Cells contact each other, line up, grow to a certain point and then stop
✔✔Cancer/ malignant cells flourish in what kind of environment? - ✔✔antagonistic
✔✔Characteristics of cancerous/ malignant cells - ✔✔cancer cells don't follow rules of
replication
