AP PSYCHOLOGY ACTUAL FINALS QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔posthypnotic suggestion - ✔✔a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be
carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help
control undesired symptoms and behaviors
✔✔dissociation - ✔✔a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and
behaviors to occur simultaneously with others
✔✔hidden observer - ✔✔Hilgard's term describing a hypnotized subject's awareness of
experiences, such as pain, that go unreported during hypnosis
✔✔psychoactive drug - ✔✔a chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood
✔✔tolerance - ✔✔the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug,
requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect
✔✔withdrawal - ✔✔the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an
addictive drug
✔✔physical dependence - ✔✔a physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant
withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued
✔✔psychological dependence - ✔✔a psychological need to use a drug, such as to
relieve negative emotions
✔✔depressants - ✔✔drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce
neural activity and slow body functions
✔✔stimulants - ✔✔drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful
amphetamines and cocaine) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions
,✔✔hallucinogens - ✔✔psychedelic ("mind-manifesting") drugs, such as LSD, that distort
perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input
✔✔barbiturates - ✔✔drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system,
reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement
✔✔opiates - ✔✔opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they suppress
neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety
✔✔amphetamines - ✔✔drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body
functions and associated energy and mood changes
✔✔LSD - ✔✔a powerful hallucinogenic drug, aka acid
✔✔THC - ✔✔the major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects,
including mild hallucinations
✔✔near-death experience - ✔✔an altered state of consciousness reported after a close
brush with death (such as through cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced
hallucinations
✔✔dualism - ✔✔the presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that
interact
✔✔monism - ✔✔the presumption that mind and body are different aspects of the same
thing
✔✔selective attention - ✔✔the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular
stimulus, as in the cocktail party effect
✔✔visual capture - ✔✔the tendency for vision to dominate the other senses
✔✔gestalt - ✔✔an organized whole. Gestalt psychologists emphasize our tendency to
integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes
✔✔figure-ground - ✔✔the organization of the visual field into objects (the figures) that
stand out from their surroundings (the ground)
✔✔grouping - ✔✔the perceptual tendency to organize information into coherent groups
✔✔depth perception - ✔✔the ability to see objects in three dimensions although the
images that strike the retina are two-dimensional, allows us to judge distance
, ✔✔visual cliff - ✔✔a laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young
animals
✔✔binocular cues - ✔✔depth cues, such as retinal disparity and converge, that depend
on the use of two eyes
✔✔monocular cues - ✔✔distance cues, such as linear perspective and overlap,
available to either eye alone
✔✔retinal disparity - ✔✔a binocular cue for perceiving depth: the greater the disparity
(difference) between the two images the retina receives of an object, the closer the
object is to the viewer
✔✔convergence - ✔✔a binocular cue for perceiving depth; the extent to which the eyes
converge inward when looking at an object
✔✔interposition - ✔✔an MC; if one object partially blocks our view of another, we
perceive it as closer
✔✔relative size - ✔✔an MC; if we assume that two objects are similar in size, we
perceive the one that casts the smaller retinal image as farther away
✔✔relative clarity - ✔✔an MC; because light from distant objects passes through more
atmosphere, we perceive hay objects are farther away than sharp, clear objects
✔✔texture gradient - ✔✔an MC; a gradual change from a coarse, distinct texture to a
fine, indistinct texture signals increasing distance. Objects far away appear smaller and
more densely packed
✔✔relative height - ✔✔an MC; we perceive objects higher in our field of vision as farther
away
✔✔relative motion (motion parallax) - ✔✔As we move, objects that are actually stable
may appear to move
✔✔linear perspective - ✔✔Parallel lines, such as railroad tracks, appear to converge
with distance. The more the lines converge, the greater the perceived distance
✔✔light and shadow - ✔✔Nearby objects reflect more light to eyes. Given two identical
objects, the dimmer one seems farther away
✔✔phi phenomenon - ✔✔an illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent
lights blink on and off in succession
AND ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔posthypnotic suggestion - ✔✔a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be
carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help
control undesired symptoms and behaviors
✔✔dissociation - ✔✔a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and
behaviors to occur simultaneously with others
✔✔hidden observer - ✔✔Hilgard's term describing a hypnotized subject's awareness of
experiences, such as pain, that go unreported during hypnosis
✔✔psychoactive drug - ✔✔a chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood
✔✔tolerance - ✔✔the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug,
requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect
✔✔withdrawal - ✔✔the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an
addictive drug
✔✔physical dependence - ✔✔a physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant
withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued
✔✔psychological dependence - ✔✔a psychological need to use a drug, such as to
relieve negative emotions
✔✔depressants - ✔✔drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce
neural activity and slow body functions
✔✔stimulants - ✔✔drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful
amphetamines and cocaine) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions
,✔✔hallucinogens - ✔✔psychedelic ("mind-manifesting") drugs, such as LSD, that distort
perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input
✔✔barbiturates - ✔✔drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system,
reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement
✔✔opiates - ✔✔opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they suppress
neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety
✔✔amphetamines - ✔✔drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body
functions and associated energy and mood changes
✔✔LSD - ✔✔a powerful hallucinogenic drug, aka acid
✔✔THC - ✔✔the major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects,
including mild hallucinations
✔✔near-death experience - ✔✔an altered state of consciousness reported after a close
brush with death (such as through cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced
hallucinations
✔✔dualism - ✔✔the presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that
interact
✔✔monism - ✔✔the presumption that mind and body are different aspects of the same
thing
✔✔selective attention - ✔✔the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular
stimulus, as in the cocktail party effect
✔✔visual capture - ✔✔the tendency for vision to dominate the other senses
✔✔gestalt - ✔✔an organized whole. Gestalt psychologists emphasize our tendency to
integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes
✔✔figure-ground - ✔✔the organization of the visual field into objects (the figures) that
stand out from their surroundings (the ground)
✔✔grouping - ✔✔the perceptual tendency to organize information into coherent groups
✔✔depth perception - ✔✔the ability to see objects in three dimensions although the
images that strike the retina are two-dimensional, allows us to judge distance
, ✔✔visual cliff - ✔✔a laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young
animals
✔✔binocular cues - ✔✔depth cues, such as retinal disparity and converge, that depend
on the use of two eyes
✔✔monocular cues - ✔✔distance cues, such as linear perspective and overlap,
available to either eye alone
✔✔retinal disparity - ✔✔a binocular cue for perceiving depth: the greater the disparity
(difference) between the two images the retina receives of an object, the closer the
object is to the viewer
✔✔convergence - ✔✔a binocular cue for perceiving depth; the extent to which the eyes
converge inward when looking at an object
✔✔interposition - ✔✔an MC; if one object partially blocks our view of another, we
perceive it as closer
✔✔relative size - ✔✔an MC; if we assume that two objects are similar in size, we
perceive the one that casts the smaller retinal image as farther away
✔✔relative clarity - ✔✔an MC; because light from distant objects passes through more
atmosphere, we perceive hay objects are farther away than sharp, clear objects
✔✔texture gradient - ✔✔an MC; a gradual change from a coarse, distinct texture to a
fine, indistinct texture signals increasing distance. Objects far away appear smaller and
more densely packed
✔✔relative height - ✔✔an MC; we perceive objects higher in our field of vision as farther
away
✔✔relative motion (motion parallax) - ✔✔As we move, objects that are actually stable
may appear to move
✔✔linear perspective - ✔✔Parallel lines, such as railroad tracks, appear to converge
with distance. The more the lines converge, the greater the perceived distance
✔✔light and shadow - ✔✔Nearby objects reflect more light to eyes. Given two identical
objects, the dimmer one seems farther away
✔✔phi phenomenon - ✔✔an illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent
lights blink on and off in succession
