BUS 410 UPDATED TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔Prior informed consent - ✔✔Hazardous materials should not be exported unless the
receiving country has been informed and consents.
✔✔Circle of Poison problem - ✔✔A pesticide banned in one country can be exported
abroad and then return as residue on imported food.
✔✔Environmental Cooperation Agreement - ✔✔A North American regional agreement
used to encourage common environmental standards among the U.S., Mexico, and
Canada.
✔✔EU environmental directives - ✔✔The EU has adopted over 200 environmental
directives that member states must implement through national law.
✔✔EU emissions trading scheme - ✔✔The EU uses a cap-and-trade style system for
emissions in the energy sector and large industrial installations.
✔✔Regional marine treaties - ✔✔Countries sharing bodies of water cooperate through
treaties to control dumping, hazardous waste, oil pollution, and marine environmental
harms.
✔✔World Bank environmental standards - ✔✔Multilateral lenders can promote
environmental protection by requiring borrowers to meet environmental standards in
financed projects.
✔✔UNEP - ✔✔The United Nations Environment Programme helps create international
environmental agreements, guidelines, and principles.
✔✔WTO environmental tension - ✔✔WTO rules limit how far countries can use trade
restrictions to force other countries to follow their environmental policies.
, ✔✔Stockholm Convention - ✔✔A treaty targeting toxic substances such as PCBs and
DDT.
✔✔Basel Convention - ✔✔A treaty regulating cross-border movement and disposal of
hazardous waste through notice, authorization, and environmentally sound
management.
✔✔CITES - ✔✔A treaty regulating international trade in endangered plant and animal
species.
✔✔Montreal Protocol - ✔✔A treaty that reduced ozone-depleting CFC emissions and
helped repair the ozone layer.
✔✔Climate control treaties - ✔✔Treaties addressing climate change caused by
greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels and other sources.
✔✔Rio Conference and UNFCCC - ✔✔The 1992 Rio Conference created the UN
Framework Convention on Climate Change, which became the framework for later
climate negotiations.
✔✔Kyoto Protocol - ✔✔A climate treaty that set numerical goals for reducing
greenhouse gas emissions.
✔✔Paris Agreement - ✔✔A climate treaty aiming to limit warming to well below 2°C and
pursue efforts toward 1.5°C above preindustrial levels.
✔✔Nationally Determined Contributions - ✔✔Countries' Paris Agreement climate action
plans, submitted every five years, but not legally binding.
✔✔Global stocktake - ✔✔A Paris Agreement process every five years to assess
progress toward climate goals.
✔✔COP meetings - ✔✔Annual UN climate conferences where countries assess
progress and negotiate future climate action.
✔✔Alternative energy movement - ✔✔Biofuels, wind, and solar energy are promoted to
reduce dependence on fossil fuels.
✔✔Investor risk from weak environmental rules - ✔✔Investors who choose countries
with lax environmental laws may later face unusable investments, legal problems, or
reputational damage.
ANSWERS SET A+
✔✔Prior informed consent - ✔✔Hazardous materials should not be exported unless the
receiving country has been informed and consents.
✔✔Circle of Poison problem - ✔✔A pesticide banned in one country can be exported
abroad and then return as residue on imported food.
✔✔Environmental Cooperation Agreement - ✔✔A North American regional agreement
used to encourage common environmental standards among the U.S., Mexico, and
Canada.
✔✔EU environmental directives - ✔✔The EU has adopted over 200 environmental
directives that member states must implement through national law.
✔✔EU emissions trading scheme - ✔✔The EU uses a cap-and-trade style system for
emissions in the energy sector and large industrial installations.
✔✔Regional marine treaties - ✔✔Countries sharing bodies of water cooperate through
treaties to control dumping, hazardous waste, oil pollution, and marine environmental
harms.
✔✔World Bank environmental standards - ✔✔Multilateral lenders can promote
environmental protection by requiring borrowers to meet environmental standards in
financed projects.
✔✔UNEP - ✔✔The United Nations Environment Programme helps create international
environmental agreements, guidelines, and principles.
✔✔WTO environmental tension - ✔✔WTO rules limit how far countries can use trade
restrictions to force other countries to follow their environmental policies.
, ✔✔Stockholm Convention - ✔✔A treaty targeting toxic substances such as PCBs and
DDT.
✔✔Basel Convention - ✔✔A treaty regulating cross-border movement and disposal of
hazardous waste through notice, authorization, and environmentally sound
management.
✔✔CITES - ✔✔A treaty regulating international trade in endangered plant and animal
species.
✔✔Montreal Protocol - ✔✔A treaty that reduced ozone-depleting CFC emissions and
helped repair the ozone layer.
✔✔Climate control treaties - ✔✔Treaties addressing climate change caused by
greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels and other sources.
✔✔Rio Conference and UNFCCC - ✔✔The 1992 Rio Conference created the UN
Framework Convention on Climate Change, which became the framework for later
climate negotiations.
✔✔Kyoto Protocol - ✔✔A climate treaty that set numerical goals for reducing
greenhouse gas emissions.
✔✔Paris Agreement - ✔✔A climate treaty aiming to limit warming to well below 2°C and
pursue efforts toward 1.5°C above preindustrial levels.
✔✔Nationally Determined Contributions - ✔✔Countries' Paris Agreement climate action
plans, submitted every five years, but not legally binding.
✔✔Global stocktake - ✔✔A Paris Agreement process every five years to assess
progress toward climate goals.
✔✔COP meetings - ✔✔Annual UN climate conferences where countries assess
progress and negotiate future climate action.
✔✔Alternative energy movement - ✔✔Biofuels, wind, and solar energy are promoted to
reduce dependence on fossil fuels.
✔✔Investor risk from weak environmental rules - ✔✔Investors who choose countries
with lax environmental laws may later face unusable investments, legal problems, or
reputational damage.
