BIO 210 ACTUAL FINAL EXAMS QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Oil Glands - ✔✔sebaceous - oil glands that secrete sebum to the skin and hair. Help
prevent from drying out.
✔✔Skin Cancer - ✔✔Basal Cell Carcinoma
Squamous Cell carcinoma
Melanoma
✔✔Diaphysis - ✔✔The shaft
✔✔Epiphysis - ✔✔Bone ends covered with an articular surface
✔✔Endosteum - ✔✔Covers internal bone surface - just like periosteum but inside
✔✔Periosteum - ✔✔white double layered membrane covering the external bone
surface
✔✔2 layers of periosteum - ✔✔Fibrous Layer - Outer layer dense irregular CT
Osteogenic Layer - Inner layer containing osteoblasts (which secrete bone matrix,
Osteoclast (bone destroying cells) and Osteogenic stem cells (give rise to osteoblasts)
✔✔Lamella - ✔✔Each individual Matrix tube
✔✔Osteon - ✔✔the structural and functional unit of compact bone
✔✔Canaliculi - ✔✔connect all the osteocytes together to deliver nutrients
✔✔Intramembranous ossification - ✔✔forms the cranial bones of the skull. Bones
develop from fibrous membranes
, ✔✔endochondral ossification - ✔✔forms all bones of the skeleton below the base of the
skull bones except the clavicles. They develop form cartilage
✔✔PTH - ✔✔activates osteoclasts - breaks down to raise blood calcium levels
✔✔Calcitonin - ✔✔helps to lower blood calcium levels by having bones reabsorb
calcium
✔✔The skeleton - ✔✔206 bones divided into 2 groups
✔✔Axial - ✔✔Includes bones of the skull, vertebral column and rib cage
✔✔Appendicular - ✔✔upper and lower limbs and girdles
✔✔pectoral girdle - ✔✔clavicle and scapula
✔✔pelvic girdle - ✔✔2 coxal (hip) bones
✔✔axial - cervical vertebrae - ✔✔C1 - Atlas
C2 - Axis (dens)
✔✔Appendicular - Forearm - ✔✔Radius
Ulna Olecranon process (elbow)
✔✔Hyoid Bone - ✔✔Unique because it does not articulate with any other bone inthe
body
✔✔Synarthroses - ✔✔Immoveable joints - ex/ sutures, gomphoses (fibrous joints)
✔✔Synchondroses - ✔✔(cartilaginous) - also immoveable
✔✔Amphiarthroses - ✔✔slightly moveable ex) syndesmoses (fibrous) symphesis
(cartilaginous)
✔✔Diarthroses - ✔✔Freely moveable joints ex) ball and socket, hinge joints, pivot,
plane, saddle (synovial)
✔✔flexion - ✔✔decrease the angle of a joint (contracting the biceps in the arm)
✔✔extension - ✔✔increase the angle of a joint (triceps contracting as teh elbow is
extending)
✔✔adduction - ✔✔limbs move away from the midline of the body
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Oil Glands - ✔✔sebaceous - oil glands that secrete sebum to the skin and hair. Help
prevent from drying out.
✔✔Skin Cancer - ✔✔Basal Cell Carcinoma
Squamous Cell carcinoma
Melanoma
✔✔Diaphysis - ✔✔The shaft
✔✔Epiphysis - ✔✔Bone ends covered with an articular surface
✔✔Endosteum - ✔✔Covers internal bone surface - just like periosteum but inside
✔✔Periosteum - ✔✔white double layered membrane covering the external bone
surface
✔✔2 layers of periosteum - ✔✔Fibrous Layer - Outer layer dense irregular CT
Osteogenic Layer - Inner layer containing osteoblasts (which secrete bone matrix,
Osteoclast (bone destroying cells) and Osteogenic stem cells (give rise to osteoblasts)
✔✔Lamella - ✔✔Each individual Matrix tube
✔✔Osteon - ✔✔the structural and functional unit of compact bone
✔✔Canaliculi - ✔✔connect all the osteocytes together to deliver nutrients
✔✔Intramembranous ossification - ✔✔forms the cranial bones of the skull. Bones
develop from fibrous membranes
, ✔✔endochondral ossification - ✔✔forms all bones of the skeleton below the base of the
skull bones except the clavicles. They develop form cartilage
✔✔PTH - ✔✔activates osteoclasts - breaks down to raise blood calcium levels
✔✔Calcitonin - ✔✔helps to lower blood calcium levels by having bones reabsorb
calcium
✔✔The skeleton - ✔✔206 bones divided into 2 groups
✔✔Axial - ✔✔Includes bones of the skull, vertebral column and rib cage
✔✔Appendicular - ✔✔upper and lower limbs and girdles
✔✔pectoral girdle - ✔✔clavicle and scapula
✔✔pelvic girdle - ✔✔2 coxal (hip) bones
✔✔axial - cervical vertebrae - ✔✔C1 - Atlas
C2 - Axis (dens)
✔✔Appendicular - Forearm - ✔✔Radius
Ulna Olecranon process (elbow)
✔✔Hyoid Bone - ✔✔Unique because it does not articulate with any other bone inthe
body
✔✔Synarthroses - ✔✔Immoveable joints - ex/ sutures, gomphoses (fibrous joints)
✔✔Synchondroses - ✔✔(cartilaginous) - also immoveable
✔✔Amphiarthroses - ✔✔slightly moveable ex) syndesmoses (fibrous) symphesis
(cartilaginous)
✔✔Diarthroses - ✔✔Freely moveable joints ex) ball and socket, hinge joints, pivot,
plane, saddle (synovial)
✔✔flexion - ✔✔decrease the angle of a joint (contracting the biceps in the arm)
✔✔extension - ✔✔increase the angle of a joint (triceps contracting as teh elbow is
extending)
✔✔adduction - ✔✔limbs move away from the midline of the body
