WGU C190 INTRODUCTION TO
BIOLOGY ADVANCED ASSESSMENT
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. Which property of water allows it to move against gravity in the xylem of plants?
A. Cohesion and adhesion
B. High specific heat
C. Universal solvent ability
D. Density anomalies
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Cohesion (water molecules sticking to each other) and adhesion
(water sticking to other surfaces) work together to facilitate capillary action in plants.
2. In a phospholipid bilayer, where are the hydrophobic tails located?
A. Pointing toward the exterior of the cell
B. Facing the cytoplasm
C. Attached to peripheral proteins
,D. Sandwiched in the interior of the membrane
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Phospholipids are amphipathic; the hydrophobic fatty acid tails
orient inward, away from water, while the hydrophilic heads face the aqueous
environment.
3. Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of lipids and the detoxification of poisons?
A. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
B. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
C. Golgi Apparatus
D. Lysosome
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: The Smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is primarily involved in
lipid synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and detoxification.
4. What is the primary role of an enzyme in a biochemical reaction?
A. To increase the activation energy
B. To lower the activation energy
C. To be consumed as a reactant
D. To change the equilibrium constant
, Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Enzymes act as biological catalysts by lowering the activation
energy required for a reaction to proceed, thereby increasing the reaction rate.
5. During which phase of cellular respiration is the majority of ATP produced?
A. Glycolysis
B. Oxidative Phosphorylation
C. Citric Acid Cycle
D. Pyruvate Oxidation
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Oxidative phosphorylation, involving the electron transport
chain and chemiosmosis, produces approximately 26-28 ATP per glucose molecule.
6. Which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the mitochondrial electron transport
chain?
A. NAD+
B. Pyruvate
C. Oxygen
D. Water
Answer: C
BIOLOGY ADVANCED ASSESSMENT
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. Which property of water allows it to move against gravity in the xylem of plants?
A. Cohesion and adhesion
B. High specific heat
C. Universal solvent ability
D. Density anomalies
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Cohesion (water molecules sticking to each other) and adhesion
(water sticking to other surfaces) work together to facilitate capillary action in plants.
2. In a phospholipid bilayer, where are the hydrophobic tails located?
A. Pointing toward the exterior of the cell
B. Facing the cytoplasm
C. Attached to peripheral proteins
,D. Sandwiched in the interior of the membrane
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Phospholipids are amphipathic; the hydrophobic fatty acid tails
orient inward, away from water, while the hydrophilic heads face the aqueous
environment.
3. Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of lipids and the detoxification of poisons?
A. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
B. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
C. Golgi Apparatus
D. Lysosome
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: The Smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is primarily involved in
lipid synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and detoxification.
4. What is the primary role of an enzyme in a biochemical reaction?
A. To increase the activation energy
B. To lower the activation energy
C. To be consumed as a reactant
D. To change the equilibrium constant
, Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Enzymes act as biological catalysts by lowering the activation
energy required for a reaction to proceed, thereby increasing the reaction rate.
5. During which phase of cellular respiration is the majority of ATP produced?
A. Glycolysis
B. Oxidative Phosphorylation
C. Citric Acid Cycle
D. Pyruvate Oxidation
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Oxidative phosphorylation, involving the electron transport
chain and chemiosmosis, produces approximately 26-28 ATP per glucose molecule.
6. Which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the mitochondrial electron transport
chain?
A. NAD+
B. Pyruvate
C. Oxygen
D. Water
Answer: C
