NUSCTX 10 MIDTERM 1 – UC BERKELEY |
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM PREP, PRACTICE
QUESTIONS, CORRECT ANSWERS AND
STUDY GUIDE
| GRADED A+ | GUARANTEED SUCCESS
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep
,Anabolism Uses energy to construct components of cells.
Catabolism Breaks down organic matter, for example, to harvest energy.
Nutrient Density A measure of the nutrient a food provides compared to its energy content.
Trace Minerals Needed only in tiny amounts.
These minerals participate in most chemical reactions in the body.
These include iron, zinc, iodine, copper, manganese.
Protein Complementation The act of consuming a variety of plant products to provide all the necessary protein
components.
Essential Fatty Acids Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids.
May reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Obtained from canola oil, flaxseed oil, cold-water fish, or fish oil.
Metabolism The set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms.
Mitochondrial Matrix The compartment of the mitochondrion enclosed by the inner membrane and containing
enzymes and substrates for the citric acid cycle.
Respiration Is needed to produce a hydrogen (electron-proton) gradient.
Falsifiability Capable of being tested by experiment or observation.
Endoplasmic Reticulum A system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the
production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids.
Lipid metabolism occurs in Smooth ER
Protein synthesis occurs in Rough ER
, Lysosome A small, round cell structure containing chemicals that break down large food particles
into smaller ones.
Enzyme Biological catalysts that work by lowering the activation energy for a reaction, thus
dramatically increasing the rate of the reaction.
Oxidation A chemical change in which a substance combines with oxygen, as when iron oxidizes,
forming rust
Entropy A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness.
Breaking down.
Villi Fingerlike extensions of the intestinal mucosa that increase the surface area for
absorption.
Calor Mass(Velocity)
Calorimetry Direct and indirect are used to measure quantities of heat.
Gross Energy The total energy intake in the diet.
Metabolizable Energy Digestible energy minus fecal and urinary energy.
Basal Metabolic Rate Energy to maintain life processes.
Factors that affect it include: age, growth, height, % lean tissue, fasting, starvation,
malnutrition, fever, hormones, and sleep.
70% of total energy use by body depends on lean body mass
Pair-feeding An experimental method in which food intake or energy (calorie) intake are limited to
become same between animal groups and to exclude effects in the animals by
differences of food (energy) intake.
Turnover The movement of something into, through and out of a place, the rate at which a thing is
depleted and replaced.
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM PREP, PRACTICE
QUESTIONS, CORRECT ANSWERS AND
STUDY GUIDE
| GRADED A+ | GUARANTEED SUCCESS
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep
,Anabolism Uses energy to construct components of cells.
Catabolism Breaks down organic matter, for example, to harvest energy.
Nutrient Density A measure of the nutrient a food provides compared to its energy content.
Trace Minerals Needed only in tiny amounts.
These minerals participate in most chemical reactions in the body.
These include iron, zinc, iodine, copper, manganese.
Protein Complementation The act of consuming a variety of plant products to provide all the necessary protein
components.
Essential Fatty Acids Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids.
May reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Obtained from canola oil, flaxseed oil, cold-water fish, or fish oil.
Metabolism The set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms.
Mitochondrial Matrix The compartment of the mitochondrion enclosed by the inner membrane and containing
enzymes and substrates for the citric acid cycle.
Respiration Is needed to produce a hydrogen (electron-proton) gradient.
Falsifiability Capable of being tested by experiment or observation.
Endoplasmic Reticulum A system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the
production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids.
Lipid metabolism occurs in Smooth ER
Protein synthesis occurs in Rough ER
, Lysosome A small, round cell structure containing chemicals that break down large food particles
into smaller ones.
Enzyme Biological catalysts that work by lowering the activation energy for a reaction, thus
dramatically increasing the rate of the reaction.
Oxidation A chemical change in which a substance combines with oxygen, as when iron oxidizes,
forming rust
Entropy A quantitative measure of disorder or randomness.
Breaking down.
Villi Fingerlike extensions of the intestinal mucosa that increase the surface area for
absorption.
Calor Mass(Velocity)
Calorimetry Direct and indirect are used to measure quantities of heat.
Gross Energy The total energy intake in the diet.
Metabolizable Energy Digestible energy minus fecal and urinary energy.
Basal Metabolic Rate Energy to maintain life processes.
Factors that affect it include: age, growth, height, % lean tissue, fasting, starvation,
malnutrition, fever, hormones, and sleep.
70% of total energy use by body depends on lean body mass
Pair-feeding An experimental method in which food intake or energy (calorie) intake are limited to
become same between animal groups and to exclude effects in the animals by
differences of food (energy) intake.
Turnover The movement of something into, through and out of a place, the rate at which a thing is
depleted and replaced.
