ATI RN Targeted Medical Surgical Renal and Urinary
Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027 Exams
Includes Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED
100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
1. A nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client who has chronic kidney disease
(CKD). Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the
teaching?
a. "i will consume foods high in protein"
b. "i will decrease my intake of foods high in phosphorus"
c. "i will limit my intake of foods high in calcium"
d. "i will add salt to the foods I consume" - Correct Answer: b. "i will decrease
my intake of foods high in phosphorus"
Pt's who have CKD should limit the intake of foods high in phosphorus due to the
decrease in the kidneys' ability to excrete it.
The pt should consume a LOW protein diet to help preserve kidney function & prevent
uremia which develops d/t a build up of waste products from protein catabolism.
Pt's w/ CKD often need to supplement Fe in their diets d/t a decreased production of
erythropoietin & mineral loss during hemodialysis.
A pt w/ CKD retains Na & fluid which causes HF & HTN. The PT should have a LOW Na
diet.
,2. A nurse is caring for a client who has continuous bladder irrigation following a
transurethral resection of the prostate. Upon detecting an output obstruction, which of
the following actions should the nurse take first?
a. irrigate the catheter with normal saline
b. notify the provider
c. check the irrigation tubing for kinks
d. provide PRN pain medication - Correct Answer: c. check the irrigation tubing
for kinks
Always start with the simplest answer. The other answers are ok, but not the first action
that can be taken.
The HCP should be notified if all other interventions fail.
3. A nurse is providing instructions regarding reduced dietary intake of potassium for a
client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following food selections is
appropriate for the nurse to recommend to the client?
a. 1 cup cubed cantaloupe
b. 1 cup boiled spinach
c. 1 baked potato
d. 1 large apple - Correct Answer: d. 1 large apple
Of these options, the apple has the lowest K
All other answers are considered to be high in K.
4. A nurse is providing teaching plan for a male client who has continent internal ileal
reservoir (neobladder) following surgery to treat bladder cancer. Which of the following
statements should the nurse include in the teaching plan?
a. "this should not affect you ability to have sexual intercourse"
b. "you should empty you new bladder when it feels full"
c. "you will need to avoid foods that produce intestinal gas"
, d. "you must insert a catheter through your stoma to drain the urine" - Correct
Answer: d. "you must insert a catheter through your stoma to drain the urine"
The pt will need to perform self-cath to drain the urine from the neo
The neo can affect sexual functioning. The RN should use theraputic communication to
encourage the pt & their partner to express feeings & concerns.
During the first few weeks after surgical creation of the neo, clients tend to lose a
significant amount of weight.
There is no dietary restriction following a neo creation.
5. A nurse is assessing a client who has chronic kidney disease and has completed her third
peritoneal dialysis (PD) treatment. Which of the following findings should the nurse
report to the provider?
a. greater outflow of dialysate than outflow
b. weight loss
c. cloudy dialysate effluent
d. report of pain during inflow - Correct Answer: c. cloudy dialysate effluent
Cloudy or opaque drainage is an early manifestation of peritonitis. The nurse should
notify the provider immediately because infection can be a life-threatening
complication.
Greater outflow is expected. Dialystate fuild is hypertonic, so it draws fluid from the
body.
Diaylstate fluid is hypertonic, so it draWS fluid from the body. Weight loss is expected.
, Pt's beginning PD typically have pn at the beginning of Tx. After 1-2 wks, pn usually
stops.
6. A nurse is caring for a client who has received hemodialysis. the nurse should identify
that which of the following findings places the client at risk for seizures
a. hypokalemia
b. a rapid increase of catecholamines
c. a rapid decrease in fluid
d. hypercalcemia - Correct Answer: c. a rapid decrease in fluid
a rapid decrease in fluid can result in cerebral edema and increased intracranial
pressure, placing the client at risk for seizures ... dialysis disequilibrium syndrome
Hypokalemia places the pt at risk for paralysis & coma
An increase in cathcholamines places the pt at risk for tachycardia rather than seizures
Hypercalcemia can cause paresthesias & muscle weakness
7. A nurse is teaching a client who has a new diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis. Which of
the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
a. Drink up to 1,500 mL of fluid per day
b. avoid the use of NSAIDs for pain
c. Monitor peripheral blood glucose level twice per day
d. increase dietary protein intake - Correct Answer: b. avoid the use of NSAIDs
for pain
the nurse should instruct the client to avoid the use of NSAIDs for pn, which can further
damage the kidney
Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027 Exams
Includes Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED
100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
1. A nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client who has chronic kidney disease
(CKD). Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the
teaching?
a. "i will consume foods high in protein"
b. "i will decrease my intake of foods high in phosphorus"
c. "i will limit my intake of foods high in calcium"
d. "i will add salt to the foods I consume" - Correct Answer: b. "i will decrease
my intake of foods high in phosphorus"
Pt's who have CKD should limit the intake of foods high in phosphorus due to the
decrease in the kidneys' ability to excrete it.
The pt should consume a LOW protein diet to help preserve kidney function & prevent
uremia which develops d/t a build up of waste products from protein catabolism.
Pt's w/ CKD often need to supplement Fe in their diets d/t a decreased production of
erythropoietin & mineral loss during hemodialysis.
A pt w/ CKD retains Na & fluid which causes HF & HTN. The PT should have a LOW Na
diet.
,2. A nurse is caring for a client who has continuous bladder irrigation following a
transurethral resection of the prostate. Upon detecting an output obstruction, which of
the following actions should the nurse take first?
a. irrigate the catheter with normal saline
b. notify the provider
c. check the irrigation tubing for kinks
d. provide PRN pain medication - Correct Answer: c. check the irrigation tubing
for kinks
Always start with the simplest answer. The other answers are ok, but not the first action
that can be taken.
The HCP should be notified if all other interventions fail.
3. A nurse is providing instructions regarding reduced dietary intake of potassium for a
client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following food selections is
appropriate for the nurse to recommend to the client?
a. 1 cup cubed cantaloupe
b. 1 cup boiled spinach
c. 1 baked potato
d. 1 large apple - Correct Answer: d. 1 large apple
Of these options, the apple has the lowest K
All other answers are considered to be high in K.
4. A nurse is providing teaching plan for a male client who has continent internal ileal
reservoir (neobladder) following surgery to treat bladder cancer. Which of the following
statements should the nurse include in the teaching plan?
a. "this should not affect you ability to have sexual intercourse"
b. "you should empty you new bladder when it feels full"
c. "you will need to avoid foods that produce intestinal gas"
, d. "you must insert a catheter through your stoma to drain the urine" - Correct
Answer: d. "you must insert a catheter through your stoma to drain the urine"
The pt will need to perform self-cath to drain the urine from the neo
The neo can affect sexual functioning. The RN should use theraputic communication to
encourage the pt & their partner to express feeings & concerns.
During the first few weeks after surgical creation of the neo, clients tend to lose a
significant amount of weight.
There is no dietary restriction following a neo creation.
5. A nurse is assessing a client who has chronic kidney disease and has completed her third
peritoneal dialysis (PD) treatment. Which of the following findings should the nurse
report to the provider?
a. greater outflow of dialysate than outflow
b. weight loss
c. cloudy dialysate effluent
d. report of pain during inflow - Correct Answer: c. cloudy dialysate effluent
Cloudy or opaque drainage is an early manifestation of peritonitis. The nurse should
notify the provider immediately because infection can be a life-threatening
complication.
Greater outflow is expected. Dialystate fuild is hypertonic, so it draws fluid from the
body.
Diaylstate fluid is hypertonic, so it draWS fluid from the body. Weight loss is expected.
, Pt's beginning PD typically have pn at the beginning of Tx. After 1-2 wks, pn usually
stops.
6. A nurse is caring for a client who has received hemodialysis. the nurse should identify
that which of the following findings places the client at risk for seizures
a. hypokalemia
b. a rapid increase of catecholamines
c. a rapid decrease in fluid
d. hypercalcemia - Correct Answer: c. a rapid decrease in fluid
a rapid decrease in fluid can result in cerebral edema and increased intracranial
pressure, placing the client at risk for seizures ... dialysis disequilibrium syndrome
Hypokalemia places the pt at risk for paralysis & coma
An increase in cathcholamines places the pt at risk for tachycardia rather than seizures
Hypercalcemia can cause paresthesias & muscle weakness
7. A nurse is teaching a client who has a new diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis. Which of
the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?
a. Drink up to 1,500 mL of fluid per day
b. avoid the use of NSAIDs for pain
c. Monitor peripheral blood glucose level twice per day
d. increase dietary protein intake - Correct Answer: b. avoid the use of NSAIDs
for pain
the nurse should instruct the client to avoid the use of NSAIDs for pn, which can further
damage the kidney
