TCRN PRACTICE 2026 EXAMINATION
STYLE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS UPDATED REVISION SET
◉ CPP Measurements
Answer: 80 - 100: Healthy
Above is 60: Required for consciousness
Less than 50: Critical reduction in brain tissue oxygenation
Less than 30: Irreversible brain ischemia
◉ MAP
Answer: Mean Arterial Pressure
MAP = (2D + S) / 3
◉ Treatment of Elevated ICP
Answer: Reducing volume of the brain (mannitol, hypertonic saline)
Reducing the volume of the blood (elevated HOB, reduce cerebral
activity, Anti-seizure medication)
Reducing the volume of CSF (EVD)
Maximize oxygenation (Reduction in CO2 in critical situations)
Normalize blood glucose level
,Normalize temperature
◉ Spinal Cord Inuries
Answer: C1-C4 - breathe no more
C5-T1 - upper extremities
T4 - Nipple line
T7 and above - lose the ability to cough
T10 - Hip line
L2-L5 - lower extremities
S3 - That's the end
◉ Anterior Cord Injury
Answer: Descending (Brain to Body)
Loss of motor function
◉ Posterior Cord Injury
Answer: Ascending (Body to Brain)
Loss of proprioception, vibration, fine touch
◉ Lateral Cord
Answer: Ascending (Body to Brain)
Controls pain, temperature, crude touch
,◉ Central Cord Injury
Answer: Greater loss of motor function in upper vs lower
extremities
More likely to affect lateral cord
◉ Brown-Sequard Injury
Answer: Loss of motor function on same side of injury
Loss of pain and temp on opposite side of injury
◉ Cauda-Equina Syndrome
Answer: Damage to lower spinal cord, resulting in problems with
bowel and bladder control
◉ Spinal Shock
Answer: Temporary neurological deficits immediately after spinal
injury
◉ Islands of Sparing
Answer: Areas without deficits due to a partial cord injury
◉ Sensory Assessment in SCI
, Answer: Start from areas of decreased sensation and move towards
areas of increased sensation
◉ Neurogenic Shock
Answer: Activation of parasympathetic nervous system causing
vasodilation, hypotension and bradycardia
Treat with fluids, and vasopressors
◉ Autonomic Dysreflexia symptoms
Answer: Hypertension
Bradycardia
Headache
Goose bumps (piloerection)
Sweating above the level of the spinal injury
Cool clammy skin below the level of the spinal injury
◉ Mandibular Fracture
Answer: Malocclusion of the jaw
Dental involvement
◉ Le Fort Fractures
Answer:
STYLE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS UPDATED REVISION SET
◉ CPP Measurements
Answer: 80 - 100: Healthy
Above is 60: Required for consciousness
Less than 50: Critical reduction in brain tissue oxygenation
Less than 30: Irreversible brain ischemia
◉ MAP
Answer: Mean Arterial Pressure
MAP = (2D + S) / 3
◉ Treatment of Elevated ICP
Answer: Reducing volume of the brain (mannitol, hypertonic saline)
Reducing the volume of the blood (elevated HOB, reduce cerebral
activity, Anti-seizure medication)
Reducing the volume of CSF (EVD)
Maximize oxygenation (Reduction in CO2 in critical situations)
Normalize blood glucose level
,Normalize temperature
◉ Spinal Cord Inuries
Answer: C1-C4 - breathe no more
C5-T1 - upper extremities
T4 - Nipple line
T7 and above - lose the ability to cough
T10 - Hip line
L2-L5 - lower extremities
S3 - That's the end
◉ Anterior Cord Injury
Answer: Descending (Brain to Body)
Loss of motor function
◉ Posterior Cord Injury
Answer: Ascending (Body to Brain)
Loss of proprioception, vibration, fine touch
◉ Lateral Cord
Answer: Ascending (Body to Brain)
Controls pain, temperature, crude touch
,◉ Central Cord Injury
Answer: Greater loss of motor function in upper vs lower
extremities
More likely to affect lateral cord
◉ Brown-Sequard Injury
Answer: Loss of motor function on same side of injury
Loss of pain and temp on opposite side of injury
◉ Cauda-Equina Syndrome
Answer: Damage to lower spinal cord, resulting in problems with
bowel and bladder control
◉ Spinal Shock
Answer: Temporary neurological deficits immediately after spinal
injury
◉ Islands of Sparing
Answer: Areas without deficits due to a partial cord injury
◉ Sensory Assessment in SCI
, Answer: Start from areas of decreased sensation and move towards
areas of increased sensation
◉ Neurogenic Shock
Answer: Activation of parasympathetic nervous system causing
vasodilation, hypotension and bradycardia
Treat with fluids, and vasopressors
◉ Autonomic Dysreflexia symptoms
Answer: Hypertension
Bradycardia
Headache
Goose bumps (piloerection)
Sweating above the level of the spinal injury
Cool clammy skin below the level of the spinal injury
◉ Mandibular Fracture
Answer: Malocclusion of the jaw
Dental involvement
◉ Le Fort Fractures
Answer:
