AEMCA-PANB Exam Prep-Questions
with Quality/Verified Solutions 2026
Updated.
Identify approved drugs for IO medication administration: - Answer Any medication that can
be given IV can go IO
Evaluate medical conditions and indications for sublingual medication administration: - Answer
Rapid absorption of meds with systemic delivery - Nitro for cardiac pts
List approved drugs that can be administered via sublingual: - Answer Nitroglycerine, Ativan,
etc
Discuss the benefit of sublingual medication administration: - Answer Absorbed very rapidly
into the system and directly into the bloodstream without going through the digestive system
Explain how to administer S/L medications: - Answer Tongue to roof of mouth, sprayed or
placed under tongue for absorption
Evaluate medical conditions and indications for buccal administration: - Answer Diabetics/oral
glucose admin
List approved drugs for buccal administration: - Answer Oral glucose
Explain the benefit to buccal medication administration: - Answer Good for admin of
hormones and enzymes
Identify medical conditions and indications for topical administration of a medication: - Answer
Cardiac patients someone who needs an approved topical medication applied
Identify approved drugs that can be administered topically: - Answer Polysporin, polymyxin,
Nitro, Nicotine, Fentanyl
Evaluate medical conditions and indications for oral med admin: - Answer Cardiac issue, pain,
fever, indications: patient must be able to swallow and vomit and able to maintain own airway
List approved drugs that can be administered orally: - Answer ASA, Acetaminophen, activated
charcoal, capoten, etc
,Explain the benefit to oral med admin: - Answer Longer lasting affect able to admin many
types of meds
List medical conditions and indications for rectal administration of a medication: - Answer
Unconscious, vomiting, patients who cannot cooperate with oral or IV admin
List approved drugs to be administered rectal: - Answer Diazepam, Tylenol, Kexelate
Evaluate medical conditions and indications for inhalations administration of a medication: -
Answer Respiratory disease, patient must have adequate tidal volume and respiration rate
List approved drugs to be given by inhalation: - Answer Albuterol, Salbutomol
List approved medications that can be administered by inhalation: - Answer Albuterol,
Salbutomol
Explain how to administer a medication via inhalation: - Answer In a conscious patient use an
aerochamber, instruct the patient to exhale place the chamber to the lips and inhale after the
medication is sprayed and to hold their breath as long as they can. If pt is unresponsive then
you can use a BVM if it has a medication port, attached MDI to medication port spray the
medication and then give a couple of breaths. If the patient is conscious and not able to comply
you can use an aerosol mask and the patient will receive the medication when they breath.
Evaluation medications and indications for intranasal med admin: - Answer Unable to obtain
IV access and you need to give them an approved intranasal medication
List approved drugs to be administered via intranasal: - Answer Analgesics, anticonvulsants,
Narcan
. Evaluate the benefit to medication administration via intranasal: - Answer Avoids first pass
metabolism, safety (no needles), absorbed well, convenient and do not need IV access
Explain how to prepare a patient for intranasal med admin: - Answer Draw up the medication
in the appropriate syringe and attach an atomizer, desired dose shouldbe divided in half
amongst each nare.
Identify components of a maintenance check: - Answer Check with the off-going crew to
assure that vehicle is in good operating conditions: lights, sirens, the cab, under the hood, all
operating equipment
,Identify components of a safety check: - Answer Check all supplies/equipment, electronic
equipment
List conditions that require removal of a vehicle from service: - Answer Flat tire, dangerous
mechanical problems, broken seatbelts, stretcher problems
Describe principles of defensive driving techniques: - Answer Cover the brake when going
through an intersection, pass cars on the left, be in control of the vehicle at all times, be
prepared to stop, drive as if no one can see you, etc
Distinguish between driving characteristics of an ambulance and a passenger vehicle: - Answer
Different braking distance, different handling, different center of gravity, etc
Describe relevant legislative requirements regarding the operation of an emergency vehicle: -
Answer There are laws governing the operation of an ambulance and they must be adhered to
such as coming to a stop at a red light before proceeding through an intersection. The
government also has a document with the requirement equipment *refer to Ambulance
Standards Act
Discuss potential reactions from the other drivers: - Answer Speeding up, stopping, moving
left and not right, lack of due care and attention
Describe driving techniques for maximizing the safety of the working environment: - Answer
Be prepared to stop, expect the unexpected, do not expect people to see you and obey the law
of pulling over, do not expect people to give you the right of way, etc
List requirements and elements of a safe landing zone: - Answer 30x30m with <8° slope, clear
of wires, towers, people and loose objects
Describe procedure to create a safe landing zone: - Answer 30 large steps on each side,
describe terrain/landmarks, mark with a single flare in the upwind position, approach aircraft in
a crouch with approval of flight club.
Discuss the technique for safely approaching a fixed wing aircraft: - Answer In a crouch with
approval of flight crew
Describe the technique for approaching a rotary wing aircraft: - Answer Approach with
extreme caution from the side, staying clear of the tail rotor. Approach in a crouch when
directed by the flight crews. If landed on an incline, approach from the down-hill side.
, identify the critical patient care principles for air medical transport: - Answer Critical criteria
for air medical transport: trauma score <12, GCS <10, penetrating trauma to (abdomen, chest,
neck, head), spinal, spinal cord injury or penetrating injury, extremity amputations, 1 or more
long bone fracture, pelvis fracture, crush injury to abdomen, chest or head, major burns, serious
traumatic events in patients <12>55, pt with near drowning, adult patients with -systolic,
BP<90mmHg, Respirations<10 or 735, HR <60 or 7120, no response to verbal stimuli, MOI that
are serious or difficult access to patient
Describe preparation of a patient for air medical transport: - Answer Specific backboards may
be required; IV's converted to pressure infuser bags. Patient may need to be wrapped in a
disposable blanket or placed in a body bag. Intubation may be required due to limited airway
space with fluid, instead of air in the cuffs, no air in IV tubing, etc.
List environmental factors and stressed experienced in flight: - Answer
Weather/environmental restrictions to flying, altitude limitations/airspeed limitations. Cabin
space can restrict amount of crews and equipment, in flight climate control may not meet
expectations, inside lighting is limited. Financially taxing.
List environmental factors and stressed that may affect air medical patients: - Answer Altitude,
weather, rough terrain, when transporting to air medical transport
List community emergency response agencies: - Answer Fire, Saint John Ambulance, DND,
police, Red Cross, Salvation Army, etc.
Describe the roles of relationship to other emergency response agencies: - Answer Police, fire,
first responders all work cohesively to provide prompt medical care to the community
Discuss mutual aid agreement and tiered response: - Answer A multi-aid agreement ensure
that help is available when needed i.e. neighbouring departments, municipalities, provinces etc
will all help each other. Tiered response system: that allows multiple vehicles to arrive at an
EMS call at different times, often proving different levels of care or transport.
Identify a variety of incident management systems: - Answer Singular command: process in
which a single individual is responsible
Coordinating on incident: useful in single jurisdictional incident
Unified command: process which managers from different jurisdictions(fire, EMS, police)
coordinate and share commands/responsibilities
Describe the principles of IMS: - Answer National system used for the management of multiple
casualty incidents. Involving assumption of responsibility for command and designation and
coordination of such elements as triage treatment, transport and staging, sometimes called ICS
(incident command survey)
with Quality/Verified Solutions 2026
Updated.
Identify approved drugs for IO medication administration: - Answer Any medication that can
be given IV can go IO
Evaluate medical conditions and indications for sublingual medication administration: - Answer
Rapid absorption of meds with systemic delivery - Nitro for cardiac pts
List approved drugs that can be administered via sublingual: - Answer Nitroglycerine, Ativan,
etc
Discuss the benefit of sublingual medication administration: - Answer Absorbed very rapidly
into the system and directly into the bloodstream without going through the digestive system
Explain how to administer S/L medications: - Answer Tongue to roof of mouth, sprayed or
placed under tongue for absorption
Evaluate medical conditions and indications for buccal administration: - Answer Diabetics/oral
glucose admin
List approved drugs for buccal administration: - Answer Oral glucose
Explain the benefit to buccal medication administration: - Answer Good for admin of
hormones and enzymes
Identify medical conditions and indications for topical administration of a medication: - Answer
Cardiac patients someone who needs an approved topical medication applied
Identify approved drugs that can be administered topically: - Answer Polysporin, polymyxin,
Nitro, Nicotine, Fentanyl
Evaluate medical conditions and indications for oral med admin: - Answer Cardiac issue, pain,
fever, indications: patient must be able to swallow and vomit and able to maintain own airway
List approved drugs that can be administered orally: - Answer ASA, Acetaminophen, activated
charcoal, capoten, etc
,Explain the benefit to oral med admin: - Answer Longer lasting affect able to admin many
types of meds
List medical conditions and indications for rectal administration of a medication: - Answer
Unconscious, vomiting, patients who cannot cooperate with oral or IV admin
List approved drugs to be administered rectal: - Answer Diazepam, Tylenol, Kexelate
Evaluate medical conditions and indications for inhalations administration of a medication: -
Answer Respiratory disease, patient must have adequate tidal volume and respiration rate
List approved drugs to be given by inhalation: - Answer Albuterol, Salbutomol
List approved medications that can be administered by inhalation: - Answer Albuterol,
Salbutomol
Explain how to administer a medication via inhalation: - Answer In a conscious patient use an
aerochamber, instruct the patient to exhale place the chamber to the lips and inhale after the
medication is sprayed and to hold their breath as long as they can. If pt is unresponsive then
you can use a BVM if it has a medication port, attached MDI to medication port spray the
medication and then give a couple of breaths. If the patient is conscious and not able to comply
you can use an aerosol mask and the patient will receive the medication when they breath.
Evaluation medications and indications for intranasal med admin: - Answer Unable to obtain
IV access and you need to give them an approved intranasal medication
List approved drugs to be administered via intranasal: - Answer Analgesics, anticonvulsants,
Narcan
. Evaluate the benefit to medication administration via intranasal: - Answer Avoids first pass
metabolism, safety (no needles), absorbed well, convenient and do not need IV access
Explain how to prepare a patient for intranasal med admin: - Answer Draw up the medication
in the appropriate syringe and attach an atomizer, desired dose shouldbe divided in half
amongst each nare.
Identify components of a maintenance check: - Answer Check with the off-going crew to
assure that vehicle is in good operating conditions: lights, sirens, the cab, under the hood, all
operating equipment
,Identify components of a safety check: - Answer Check all supplies/equipment, electronic
equipment
List conditions that require removal of a vehicle from service: - Answer Flat tire, dangerous
mechanical problems, broken seatbelts, stretcher problems
Describe principles of defensive driving techniques: - Answer Cover the brake when going
through an intersection, pass cars on the left, be in control of the vehicle at all times, be
prepared to stop, drive as if no one can see you, etc
Distinguish between driving characteristics of an ambulance and a passenger vehicle: - Answer
Different braking distance, different handling, different center of gravity, etc
Describe relevant legislative requirements regarding the operation of an emergency vehicle: -
Answer There are laws governing the operation of an ambulance and they must be adhered to
such as coming to a stop at a red light before proceeding through an intersection. The
government also has a document with the requirement equipment *refer to Ambulance
Standards Act
Discuss potential reactions from the other drivers: - Answer Speeding up, stopping, moving
left and not right, lack of due care and attention
Describe driving techniques for maximizing the safety of the working environment: - Answer
Be prepared to stop, expect the unexpected, do not expect people to see you and obey the law
of pulling over, do not expect people to give you the right of way, etc
List requirements and elements of a safe landing zone: - Answer 30x30m with <8° slope, clear
of wires, towers, people and loose objects
Describe procedure to create a safe landing zone: - Answer 30 large steps on each side,
describe terrain/landmarks, mark with a single flare in the upwind position, approach aircraft in
a crouch with approval of flight club.
Discuss the technique for safely approaching a fixed wing aircraft: - Answer In a crouch with
approval of flight crew
Describe the technique for approaching a rotary wing aircraft: - Answer Approach with
extreme caution from the side, staying clear of the tail rotor. Approach in a crouch when
directed by the flight crews. If landed on an incline, approach from the down-hill side.
, identify the critical patient care principles for air medical transport: - Answer Critical criteria
for air medical transport: trauma score <12, GCS <10, penetrating trauma to (abdomen, chest,
neck, head), spinal, spinal cord injury or penetrating injury, extremity amputations, 1 or more
long bone fracture, pelvis fracture, crush injury to abdomen, chest or head, major burns, serious
traumatic events in patients <12>55, pt with near drowning, adult patients with -systolic,
BP<90mmHg, Respirations<10 or 735, HR <60 or 7120, no response to verbal stimuli, MOI that
are serious or difficult access to patient
Describe preparation of a patient for air medical transport: - Answer Specific backboards may
be required; IV's converted to pressure infuser bags. Patient may need to be wrapped in a
disposable blanket or placed in a body bag. Intubation may be required due to limited airway
space with fluid, instead of air in the cuffs, no air in IV tubing, etc.
List environmental factors and stressed experienced in flight: - Answer
Weather/environmental restrictions to flying, altitude limitations/airspeed limitations. Cabin
space can restrict amount of crews and equipment, in flight climate control may not meet
expectations, inside lighting is limited. Financially taxing.
List environmental factors and stressed that may affect air medical patients: - Answer Altitude,
weather, rough terrain, when transporting to air medical transport
List community emergency response agencies: - Answer Fire, Saint John Ambulance, DND,
police, Red Cross, Salvation Army, etc.
Describe the roles of relationship to other emergency response agencies: - Answer Police, fire,
first responders all work cohesively to provide prompt medical care to the community
Discuss mutual aid agreement and tiered response: - Answer A multi-aid agreement ensure
that help is available when needed i.e. neighbouring departments, municipalities, provinces etc
will all help each other. Tiered response system: that allows multiple vehicles to arrive at an
EMS call at different times, often proving different levels of care or transport.
Identify a variety of incident management systems: - Answer Singular command: process in
which a single individual is responsible
Coordinating on incident: useful in single jurisdictional incident
Unified command: process which managers from different jurisdictions(fire, EMS, police)
coordinate and share commands/responsibilities
Describe the principles of IMS: - Answer National system used for the management of multiple
casualty incidents. Involving assumption of responsibility for command and designation and
coordination of such elements as triage treatment, transport and staging, sometimes called ICS
(incident command survey)
