CMN 548 Final Exam Overview 2026 | Real Exam
Questions & Verified Answers | Complete Study Guide
1. If a patient is taking two medications that affect each other's plasma
concentrations, what aspect of pharmacokinetics should a healthcare
provider monitor closely?
Patient's psychological response to the medications
Plasma concentration levels of both medications
The patient's dietary habits
The chemical structure of the medications
2. Describe how vitamin D excess can lead to hypercalcemia.
Vitamin D excess has no effect on calcium levels.
Vitamin D excess only affects phosphate levels.
Vitamin D excess decreases calcium absorption, causing low calcium
levels.
Vitamin D excess increases calcium absorption in the intestines,
leading to elevated calcium levels in the blood.
3. The mnemonic DIG-FAST evaluates which psychological state?
Mania
Depression
Paranoia
Anxiety
4. What is one known side effect of the medication trazodone?
, Nausea
Priapism
Drowsiness
Weight gain
5. Describe how negative reinforcement differs from positive reinforcement in
operant conditioning.
Negative reinforcement involves removing an unpleasant stimulus
to increase a behavior, while positive reinforcement involves adding
a pleasant stimulus.
Negative reinforcement and positive reinforcement are the same
processes in operant conditioning.
Negative reinforcement is used to decrease behaviors, while positive
reinforcement is used to increase them.
Negative reinforcement only applies to punishment, while positive
reinforcement applies to rewards.
6. If a 70-year-old individual experiences significant changes in their sleep-
wake cycle, what physiological change related to circadian rhythms might be
contributing to this issue?
Prolonged circadian period
Enhanced sensitivity to light
Decreased amplitude of circadian rhythms
Increased duration of sleep cycles
7. If a patient has a known genetic variation that affects their drug metabolism,
how might this information be used in their treatment plan?
, To avoid using any medications altogether.
To select a medication that is more likely to be effective and have
fewer side effects based on their genetic profile.
To increase the dosage of all medications prescribed.
To prescribe the same medication regardless of genetic factors.
8. Describe how aging influences sleep patterns in relation to circadian
rhythms.
Aging leads to irregular sleep patterns without any specific changes.
Aging influences sleep patterns by causing individuals to wake up
and go to bed earlier due to changes in circadian rhythms.
Aging causes individuals to sleep longer and later.
Aging has no effect on sleep patterns.
9. Describe the purpose of the PHQ-9 in mental health assessments.
The PHQ-9 is a tool for diagnosing anxiety disorders.
The PHQ-9 measures the effectiveness of antipsychotic medications.
The PHQ-9 is used to evaluate the severity of depression symptoms
and monitor treatment response.
The PHQ-9 assesses cognitive function in elderly patients.
10. Which types of medications are known to elevate plasma concentrations of
carbamazepine?
Antipsychotics like risperidone and benzodiazepines
Mood stabilizers like lithium and SSRIs
Antidepressants like fluoxetine and antiepileptics like valproate
, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
11. In a study examining the relationship between stress levels and depression, if
a strong positive correlation is found, what can be inferred?
There is no relationship between stress and depression.
Higher stress levels are associated with higher depression levels.
Stress causes depression in all individuals.
Depression causes an increase in stress levels.
12. What term describes the clinician's impression of a patient's emotional state
in psychiatry?
Mood
Emotion
Sentiment
Affect
13. Describe the purpose of the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) in
mental health assessments.
The CAPS is a diagnostic tool for anxiety disorders.
The CAPS measures the effectiveness of antidepressant medications.
The CAPS is used to evaluate the presence and severity of PTSD
symptoms in individuals.
The CAPS is a treatment plan for PTSD patients.
14. If a public health department reports an increase in the incidence of a
specific mental health disorder over the past year, what implications might
this have for community health initiatives?
Questions & Verified Answers | Complete Study Guide
1. If a patient is taking two medications that affect each other's plasma
concentrations, what aspect of pharmacokinetics should a healthcare
provider monitor closely?
Patient's psychological response to the medications
Plasma concentration levels of both medications
The patient's dietary habits
The chemical structure of the medications
2. Describe how vitamin D excess can lead to hypercalcemia.
Vitamin D excess has no effect on calcium levels.
Vitamin D excess only affects phosphate levels.
Vitamin D excess decreases calcium absorption, causing low calcium
levels.
Vitamin D excess increases calcium absorption in the intestines,
leading to elevated calcium levels in the blood.
3. The mnemonic DIG-FAST evaluates which psychological state?
Mania
Depression
Paranoia
Anxiety
4. What is one known side effect of the medication trazodone?
, Nausea
Priapism
Drowsiness
Weight gain
5. Describe how negative reinforcement differs from positive reinforcement in
operant conditioning.
Negative reinforcement involves removing an unpleasant stimulus
to increase a behavior, while positive reinforcement involves adding
a pleasant stimulus.
Negative reinforcement and positive reinforcement are the same
processes in operant conditioning.
Negative reinforcement is used to decrease behaviors, while positive
reinforcement is used to increase them.
Negative reinforcement only applies to punishment, while positive
reinforcement applies to rewards.
6. If a 70-year-old individual experiences significant changes in their sleep-
wake cycle, what physiological change related to circadian rhythms might be
contributing to this issue?
Prolonged circadian period
Enhanced sensitivity to light
Decreased amplitude of circadian rhythms
Increased duration of sleep cycles
7. If a patient has a known genetic variation that affects their drug metabolism,
how might this information be used in their treatment plan?
, To avoid using any medications altogether.
To select a medication that is more likely to be effective and have
fewer side effects based on their genetic profile.
To increase the dosage of all medications prescribed.
To prescribe the same medication regardless of genetic factors.
8. Describe how aging influences sleep patterns in relation to circadian
rhythms.
Aging leads to irregular sleep patterns without any specific changes.
Aging influences sleep patterns by causing individuals to wake up
and go to bed earlier due to changes in circadian rhythms.
Aging causes individuals to sleep longer and later.
Aging has no effect on sleep patterns.
9. Describe the purpose of the PHQ-9 in mental health assessments.
The PHQ-9 is a tool for diagnosing anxiety disorders.
The PHQ-9 measures the effectiveness of antipsychotic medications.
The PHQ-9 is used to evaluate the severity of depression symptoms
and monitor treatment response.
The PHQ-9 assesses cognitive function in elderly patients.
10. Which types of medications are known to elevate plasma concentrations of
carbamazepine?
Antipsychotics like risperidone and benzodiazepines
Mood stabilizers like lithium and SSRIs
Antidepressants like fluoxetine and antiepileptics like valproate
, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
11. In a study examining the relationship between stress levels and depression, if
a strong positive correlation is found, what can be inferred?
There is no relationship between stress and depression.
Higher stress levels are associated with higher depression levels.
Stress causes depression in all individuals.
Depression causes an increase in stress levels.
12. What term describes the clinician's impression of a patient's emotional state
in psychiatry?
Mood
Emotion
Sentiment
Affect
13. Describe the purpose of the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) in
mental health assessments.
The CAPS is a diagnostic tool for anxiety disorders.
The CAPS measures the effectiveness of antidepressant medications.
The CAPS is used to evaluate the presence and severity of PTSD
symptoms in individuals.
The CAPS is a treatment plan for PTSD patients.
14. If a public health department reports an increase in the incidence of a
specific mental health disorder over the past year, what implications might
this have for community health initiatives?
