,NR 325 Exam 1 Adult Health II | Questions And Answers | 2026/2027
CHAMBERLAIN
1.** A nurse is teaching a client with type 1 diabetes about insulin
administration. Which statement by the client indicates understanding?
A) "I will rotate my insulin injection sites to prevent lipodystrophy."
B) "I can skip my insulin if I'm not eating."
C) "I will use the same needle for multiple injections."
D) "I will store my insulin in the freezer."
**Correct Answer:** A) "I will rotate my insulin injection sites to prevent
lipodystrophy."
**Rationale:** Rotating injection sites prevents lipodystrophy (fatty tissue
changes). Skipping insulin (B), reusing needles (C), and freezing insulin (D)
are unsafe practices. Type 1 diabetes is characterized by an absolute
deficiency of insulin due to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
**2.** A client with type 1 diabetes has a blood glucose level of 380 mg/dL.
Which symptoms would the nurse expect to find?
A) Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
B) Bradycardia, hypotension, confusion
C) Tremors, diaphoresis, tachycardia
D) Headache, blurred vision, nausea
**Correct Answer:** A) Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
,**Rationale:** Hyperglycemia causes osmotic diuresis (polyuria), thirst
(polydipsia), and hunger (polyphagia) due to cellular starvation despite high
glucose levels. Type 1 diabetes results in little to no insulin production.
**3.** A client with type 2 diabetes is prescribed metformin. Which
instruction should the nurse include in teaching?
A) "Take this medication on an empty stomach."
B) "Take this medication with meals to prevent gastrointestinal upset."
C) "This medication can cause weight gain."
D) "This medication will cure your diabetes."
**Correct Answer:** B) "Take this medication with meals to prevent
gastrointestinal upset."
**Rationale:** Metformin should be taken with meals to reduce GI side
effects (nausea, diarrhea). It does not cause significant weight gain (C) and
does not cure diabetes (D). Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin
resistance with relative insulin deficiency.
**4.** A client with type 1 diabetes is admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis
(DKA). Which finding is most concerning?
A) Blood glucose 450 mg/dL
B) Kussmaul respirations
C) Serum potassium 4.0 mEq/L
D) Urine ketones positive
**Correct Answer:** B) Kussmaul respirations
, **Rationale:** Kussmaul respirations (deep, rapid breathing) indicate
metabolic acidosis and respiratory compensation in DKA. Hyperglycemia,
ketonuria, and potassium changes are expected, but Kussmaul respirations
indicate the severity of the acidosis.
**5.** A client with DKA has a blood glucose of 450 mg/dL. Which
intervention should the nurse anticipate?
A) Oral hypoglycemic agents
B) IV insulin and IV fluids
C) Glucagon administration
D) Oral glucose tablets
**Correct Answer:** B) IV insulin and IV fluids
**Rationale:** DKA is a life-threatening complication requiring IV insulin to
lower blood glucose and IV fluids to correct dehydration and electrolyte
imbalances. Oral agents are not effective in DKA.
**6.** A client with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) has a blood
glucose of 850 mg/dL. Which finding is most characteristic of HHS?
A) Severe ketosis
B) Profound dehydration
C) Kussmaul respirations
D) Serum pH <7.30
**Correct Answer:** B) Profound dehydration
CHAMBERLAIN
1.** A nurse is teaching a client with type 1 diabetes about insulin
administration. Which statement by the client indicates understanding?
A) "I will rotate my insulin injection sites to prevent lipodystrophy."
B) "I can skip my insulin if I'm not eating."
C) "I will use the same needle for multiple injections."
D) "I will store my insulin in the freezer."
**Correct Answer:** A) "I will rotate my insulin injection sites to prevent
lipodystrophy."
**Rationale:** Rotating injection sites prevents lipodystrophy (fatty tissue
changes). Skipping insulin (B), reusing needles (C), and freezing insulin (D)
are unsafe practices. Type 1 diabetes is characterized by an absolute
deficiency of insulin due to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
**2.** A client with type 1 diabetes has a blood glucose level of 380 mg/dL.
Which symptoms would the nurse expect to find?
A) Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
B) Bradycardia, hypotension, confusion
C) Tremors, diaphoresis, tachycardia
D) Headache, blurred vision, nausea
**Correct Answer:** A) Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
,**Rationale:** Hyperglycemia causes osmotic diuresis (polyuria), thirst
(polydipsia), and hunger (polyphagia) due to cellular starvation despite high
glucose levels. Type 1 diabetes results in little to no insulin production.
**3.** A client with type 2 diabetes is prescribed metformin. Which
instruction should the nurse include in teaching?
A) "Take this medication on an empty stomach."
B) "Take this medication with meals to prevent gastrointestinal upset."
C) "This medication can cause weight gain."
D) "This medication will cure your diabetes."
**Correct Answer:** B) "Take this medication with meals to prevent
gastrointestinal upset."
**Rationale:** Metformin should be taken with meals to reduce GI side
effects (nausea, diarrhea). It does not cause significant weight gain (C) and
does not cure diabetes (D). Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin
resistance with relative insulin deficiency.
**4.** A client with type 1 diabetes is admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis
(DKA). Which finding is most concerning?
A) Blood glucose 450 mg/dL
B) Kussmaul respirations
C) Serum potassium 4.0 mEq/L
D) Urine ketones positive
**Correct Answer:** B) Kussmaul respirations
, **Rationale:** Kussmaul respirations (deep, rapid breathing) indicate
metabolic acidosis and respiratory compensation in DKA. Hyperglycemia,
ketonuria, and potassium changes are expected, but Kussmaul respirations
indicate the severity of the acidosis.
**5.** A client with DKA has a blood glucose of 450 mg/dL. Which
intervention should the nurse anticipate?
A) Oral hypoglycemic agents
B) IV insulin and IV fluids
C) Glucagon administration
D) Oral glucose tablets
**Correct Answer:** B) IV insulin and IV fluids
**Rationale:** DKA is a life-threatening complication requiring IV insulin to
lower blood glucose and IV fluids to correct dehydration and electrolyte
imbalances. Oral agents are not effective in DKA.
**6.** A client with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) has a blood
glucose of 850 mg/dL. Which finding is most characteristic of HHS?
A) Severe ketosis
B) Profound dehydration
C) Kussmaul respirations
D) Serum pH <7.30
**Correct Answer:** B) Profound dehydration
