EDF 6557 ETHICS FINAL
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE 2026
FULL QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◍ Interdisciplinary collaboration.
Answer: Respecting cultural differences fosters:
◍ True.
Answer: Behavior analysts are aware of personal challenges that may affect
their ability to deliver services
◍ ROSS' THEORY W/ MS-TYPE 2.
Answer: Situation: Professor Scott told a student that he would be willing to
do office hours with them on Thursday. After confirming the meeting with
the student, Scott's long-time friend, whom Scott hasn't seen in 8 years,
notified him that he'd be in the area for a few hours on Thursday and would
like to meet at the same time as the meeting. Scott has two options, not meet
with his friend and meet with the student or move/cancel the meeting to be
able to meet with his friend.Scott's act of meeting w/ the student:Prima
facie:- 1: Fidelity: Keeping a promise- 4: Justice: Giving what is deserved-
5: Contributing to other's pleasure, virtue, or intelligence- 7:
Non-Maleficence: Preventing harmScott's act of meeting w/ his friend:Prima
facie:- 1: Fidelity: Keeping a promise- 2: Reparation: Making up for past
injury- 3: Gratitude: Repaying a kindness- 5: Contributing to other's
pleasure, virtue, or intelligenceRoss' Theory w/ MS says it is right for Scott
to meet with the student if Scott feels most obligated to do that. Therefore,
Ross' Theory w/ MS is supported.
◍ 1) Virtue Ethics2) Deontology3) Consequentialism.
, Answer: The 3 types of ethical frameworks in Module 1
◍ Equity- everyone gets what they needEquality- everyone gets the same
thing.
Answer: The difference between equity and equality
◍ DIVERSITY ARGUMENT FOR AFFIRMATIVE ACTION-TYPE 3
Premises:(1) If a person is in a situation in which they can implement a
policy that helps provide the benefits of diversity, then it is morally
acceptable for them to implement the policy.(2) In all AA cases, the
policymaker can implement an AA policy that helps provide the benefits of
diversity.(3) Therefore, in all AA cases, it is morally acceptable for the
policymaker to implement the AA policy..
Answer: Explain Argument- (a.1)Premise 1 can be further explained by a
restaurant manager implementing a policy to make their restaurant menu
more diverse to increase revenue by giving customers more options to keep
coming back and try. Premise 1 would say that it would be acceptable for
the restaurant manager to implement the policy to provide more benefits.-
(a.2) Premise 2 can be explained by the benefit of breaking down
stereotypes. Say a company is using the Tie-breaking hiring method where
when there are two equal candidates they hire the one who would add to
diversity. Say a woman and a man applies to a construction job, the
company would give the job to the woman to break the stereotype that
women could not work in the construction field.Explain Support or
Object:-(b) This argument is not good. I disagree with Premise 1 because
say you are a coach for a High School basketball team and you are hosting
tryouts to select this year's team. Premise 1 would tell you that you should
select the members of your team based on who would add to the diversity of
the team and bring in different perspectives through their diversity. I
disagree with this because you should select your basketball team based on
who is the better basketball players, so you can have a good basketball team
instead of picking players based on diversity, which would create the
potential for the team to be less good.
, ◍ UNFAIRNESS ARGUMENT AGAINST AFFIRMATIVE ACTION-TYPE
3 Premises:(1) If a person is in a situation in which she can implement a
policy that unfairly discriminates, then it is morally wrong for her to
implement the policy. (2) In tie-breaking, plus-factor, and trumping AA
cases, the policymaker can implement a policy that unfairly discriminates.
(3) Therefore, in those cases, it is morally wrong for the policymaker to
implement the policy..
Answer: (a) Explain Argument- (a.1) Premise 1 can be explained by a town
mayor, who does not like hats and implements a policy that if a person
wears a hat, then they have to pay a fine. This is wrong because it
discriminates against people who like hats on the simple basis of the mayor
not liking them. Premise 1 would say it is morally wrong for the mayor to
implement this policy.(a.2) Premise 2 has three definitions. Premise 2 can be
explained further by a company using plus-factor when hiring and because
they have a small percentage of women in the company, they give a job to a
woman because she adds to the diversity of the company, even though a
man could be more qualified for the job. The woman's ability to not only
add diversity to the workplace but also attract a more diverse clientele
makes her more inclined to be chosen. Premise 2 would say that this policy
unfairly discriminates.- Explain Support or Object:- b.) This argument is
good, though someone might object to premise one. This objector might
object to Premise 1 and use the idea of height requirements for rollercoasters
as an example. This objector might say height requirements unfairly
discriminate against people who aren't a certain height and leave them out of
the experience. I disagree with this objection because height requirements
are implemented to ensure the safety and well-being of everyone who gets
on the ride. Height requirements are closely calculated to make sure that
riders aren't at risk of serious physical harm like falling out or being
improperly restrained.
◍ Define Tie-Breaking, Plus Factor, Trumping.
Answer: Tie Breaking: Tie between candidates and pick the person who
helps minimize underrepresentationPlus Factor: Bonus points for helping
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE 2026
FULL QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◍ Interdisciplinary collaboration.
Answer: Respecting cultural differences fosters:
◍ True.
Answer: Behavior analysts are aware of personal challenges that may affect
their ability to deliver services
◍ ROSS' THEORY W/ MS-TYPE 2.
Answer: Situation: Professor Scott told a student that he would be willing to
do office hours with them on Thursday. After confirming the meeting with
the student, Scott's long-time friend, whom Scott hasn't seen in 8 years,
notified him that he'd be in the area for a few hours on Thursday and would
like to meet at the same time as the meeting. Scott has two options, not meet
with his friend and meet with the student or move/cancel the meeting to be
able to meet with his friend.Scott's act of meeting w/ the student:Prima
facie:- 1: Fidelity: Keeping a promise- 4: Justice: Giving what is deserved-
5: Contributing to other's pleasure, virtue, or intelligence- 7:
Non-Maleficence: Preventing harmScott's act of meeting w/ his friend:Prima
facie:- 1: Fidelity: Keeping a promise- 2: Reparation: Making up for past
injury- 3: Gratitude: Repaying a kindness- 5: Contributing to other's
pleasure, virtue, or intelligenceRoss' Theory w/ MS says it is right for Scott
to meet with the student if Scott feels most obligated to do that. Therefore,
Ross' Theory w/ MS is supported.
◍ 1) Virtue Ethics2) Deontology3) Consequentialism.
, Answer: The 3 types of ethical frameworks in Module 1
◍ Equity- everyone gets what they needEquality- everyone gets the same
thing.
Answer: The difference between equity and equality
◍ DIVERSITY ARGUMENT FOR AFFIRMATIVE ACTION-TYPE 3
Premises:(1) If a person is in a situation in which they can implement a
policy that helps provide the benefits of diversity, then it is morally
acceptable for them to implement the policy.(2) In all AA cases, the
policymaker can implement an AA policy that helps provide the benefits of
diversity.(3) Therefore, in all AA cases, it is morally acceptable for the
policymaker to implement the AA policy..
Answer: Explain Argument- (a.1)Premise 1 can be further explained by a
restaurant manager implementing a policy to make their restaurant menu
more diverse to increase revenue by giving customers more options to keep
coming back and try. Premise 1 would say that it would be acceptable for
the restaurant manager to implement the policy to provide more benefits.-
(a.2) Premise 2 can be explained by the benefit of breaking down
stereotypes. Say a company is using the Tie-breaking hiring method where
when there are two equal candidates they hire the one who would add to
diversity. Say a woman and a man applies to a construction job, the
company would give the job to the woman to break the stereotype that
women could not work in the construction field.Explain Support or
Object:-(b) This argument is not good. I disagree with Premise 1 because
say you are a coach for a High School basketball team and you are hosting
tryouts to select this year's team. Premise 1 would tell you that you should
select the members of your team based on who would add to the diversity of
the team and bring in different perspectives through their diversity. I
disagree with this because you should select your basketball team based on
who is the better basketball players, so you can have a good basketball team
instead of picking players based on diversity, which would create the
potential for the team to be less good.
, ◍ UNFAIRNESS ARGUMENT AGAINST AFFIRMATIVE ACTION-TYPE
3 Premises:(1) If a person is in a situation in which she can implement a
policy that unfairly discriminates, then it is morally wrong for her to
implement the policy. (2) In tie-breaking, plus-factor, and trumping AA
cases, the policymaker can implement a policy that unfairly discriminates.
(3) Therefore, in those cases, it is morally wrong for the policymaker to
implement the policy..
Answer: (a) Explain Argument- (a.1) Premise 1 can be explained by a town
mayor, who does not like hats and implements a policy that if a person
wears a hat, then they have to pay a fine. This is wrong because it
discriminates against people who like hats on the simple basis of the mayor
not liking them. Premise 1 would say it is morally wrong for the mayor to
implement this policy.(a.2) Premise 2 has three definitions. Premise 2 can be
explained further by a company using plus-factor when hiring and because
they have a small percentage of women in the company, they give a job to a
woman because she adds to the diversity of the company, even though a
man could be more qualified for the job. The woman's ability to not only
add diversity to the workplace but also attract a more diverse clientele
makes her more inclined to be chosen. Premise 2 would say that this policy
unfairly discriminates.- Explain Support or Object:- b.) This argument is
good, though someone might object to premise one. This objector might
object to Premise 1 and use the idea of height requirements for rollercoasters
as an example. This objector might say height requirements unfairly
discriminate against people who aren't a certain height and leave them out of
the experience. I disagree with this objection because height requirements
are implemented to ensure the safety and well-being of everyone who gets
on the ride. Height requirements are closely calculated to make sure that
riders aren't at risk of serious physical harm like falling out or being
improperly restrained.
◍ Define Tie-Breaking, Plus Factor, Trumping.
Answer: Tie Breaking: Tie between candidates and pick the person who
helps minimize underrepresentationPlus Factor: Bonus points for helping
