D671 Section 4 Physical Science: Atoms, Matter, and Energy Concepts
D671 Section 4 Physical Science: Atoms, Matter, and Energy Concepts
Matter is made of atoms
Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter
Atoms consist of subatomic particles
3 main sub particles; protons (positives) electrons (negative) Neutrons (neutral)
Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus of the atom (middle) the electrons are the
yellow lines around the entire atom
electrons do not contribute to mass
States of matter are solids, liquids, gases, and plasma(later)
The form a set of atoms is going to take will depend on the amt of energy or amt (warmth or
of heat). Solids are lower amount; low vibration and stay put. Liquids are particles slide
around against each other. Gas particles have the most motion full flying around.
Solids- definite shape and volume, Liquids definite volume adapt to shape its in, Gas no
definite shape/volume
Plasma is a state of matter, most common in universe, in stars and other interstellar
objects. Becomes so energized the electrons are breaking free from the atoms, highly
energized form of matter.
Atomic mass is the mass of the atom atomic weight, made up of protons and neutrons
chemical/physical reactions
A chemical reaction involves altered chemical composition, substance reacting at atomic
level could be bonding or un bonding. Forms a new substance.
Rust forming chemical reaction
Baking a cake is a chemical reaction
D671 Section 4 Physical Science: Atoms, Matter, and Energy Concepts
, D671 Section 4 Physical Science: Atoms, Matter, and Energy Concepts
They are not always irreversible just not easily reversable
Physical changes are things are easy to reverse because they don’t change the
composition of substance, paper being ripped- still paper just smaller
Applying heat or energy is likely to kick off a chemical reaction- lighting wood on fire-not
always
Changes in states of matter are not a chemical reaction
Taking a solid and applying some heat to become a liquid its still the same just a different
state; ice melting to water
Mass is conserved in a chemical reaction- total mass that we start with is the total mass at
the end. we don’t lose just change form
Endothermic absorb heat; endo= coming in, cold packs or cooling shirts to absorb heat
exothermic produce heat energy; fireworks, exo= out
combustion is exothermic
hood of car= combustion
mixture substances retain individual properties
solution substances can not physically be separate dissolving sugar into water, it becomes
hard to remove. Homogeneous the composition is uniform. Top and bottom should be the
same
forces and motion
newtons 1 law of inertia, objects at rest stay at rest, objects in motion stay in motion
UNLESS the acting forces are unbalanced/ acted on it. Basketball laying on a level
driveway, it wont move unless kicked then force puts it in motion
Newtons 2 law- Force= Mass x Acceleration, breaks down at high speeds/ small scales.
whether an object is Speeding up or slowing down that behavior is dependent on 2 things
how strong is the force and how big is the object.
D671 Section 4 Physical Science: Atoms, Matter, and Energy Concepts
D671 Section 4 Physical Science: Atoms, Matter, and Energy Concepts
Matter is made of atoms
Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter
Atoms consist of subatomic particles
3 main sub particles; protons (positives) electrons (negative) Neutrons (neutral)
Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus of the atom (middle) the electrons are the
yellow lines around the entire atom
electrons do not contribute to mass
States of matter are solids, liquids, gases, and plasma(later)
The form a set of atoms is going to take will depend on the amt of energy or amt (warmth or
of heat). Solids are lower amount; low vibration and stay put. Liquids are particles slide
around against each other. Gas particles have the most motion full flying around.
Solids- definite shape and volume, Liquids definite volume adapt to shape its in, Gas no
definite shape/volume
Plasma is a state of matter, most common in universe, in stars and other interstellar
objects. Becomes so energized the electrons are breaking free from the atoms, highly
energized form of matter.
Atomic mass is the mass of the atom atomic weight, made up of protons and neutrons
chemical/physical reactions
A chemical reaction involves altered chemical composition, substance reacting at atomic
level could be bonding or un bonding. Forms a new substance.
Rust forming chemical reaction
Baking a cake is a chemical reaction
D671 Section 4 Physical Science: Atoms, Matter, and Energy Concepts
, D671 Section 4 Physical Science: Atoms, Matter, and Energy Concepts
They are not always irreversible just not easily reversable
Physical changes are things are easy to reverse because they don’t change the
composition of substance, paper being ripped- still paper just smaller
Applying heat or energy is likely to kick off a chemical reaction- lighting wood on fire-not
always
Changes in states of matter are not a chemical reaction
Taking a solid and applying some heat to become a liquid its still the same just a different
state; ice melting to water
Mass is conserved in a chemical reaction- total mass that we start with is the total mass at
the end. we don’t lose just change form
Endothermic absorb heat; endo= coming in, cold packs or cooling shirts to absorb heat
exothermic produce heat energy; fireworks, exo= out
combustion is exothermic
hood of car= combustion
mixture substances retain individual properties
solution substances can not physically be separate dissolving sugar into water, it becomes
hard to remove. Homogeneous the composition is uniform. Top and bottom should be the
same
forces and motion
newtons 1 law of inertia, objects at rest stay at rest, objects in motion stay in motion
UNLESS the acting forces are unbalanced/ acted on it. Basketball laying on a level
driveway, it wont move unless kicked then force puts it in motion
Newtons 2 law- Force= Mass x Acceleration, breaks down at high speeds/ small scales.
whether an object is Speeding up or slowing down that behavior is dependent on 2 things
how strong is the force and how big is the object.
D671 Section 4 Physical Science: Atoms, Matter, and Energy Concepts
