CCJS 300 Exam #1 Questions and Answers-
UMD
Science - ANSWER-combines rational theoretical explanation with the scientific
method
Replication - ANSWER-repetition of experiments or studies utilizing the same
methodology
Verification - ANSWER-confirmation of the accuracy of findings
Methodological Narcissism - ANSWER-fanatical adherence to a preferred method at
the expense of substance
Theory - ANSWER-plausible explanation of reality (why and how do things occur)
Paradigm - ANSWER-a model or scheme that provides a perspective from which to
view reality
Methodology - ANSWER-(methods) collection of accurate facts or data
Pure (basic) Research - ANSWER-acquisition of knowledge for sciences sake
Applied research - ANSWER-research concerned with solving or addressing
immediate policy problems
Crime Analysis - ANSWER-Systematic, analytic processes aimed at providing
practical information related to crime patterns
Quantitative Research - ANSWER-Operationalization and numerical measurement of
variables
Qualitative Research - ANSWER-research for the purpose of understanding rather
than measuring
Verstehen - ANSWER-Weber's notion that the purpose of research is to gain a
qualitative "understanding" of phenomena from the perspective of the subjects
Historicism - ANSWER-view of all social events as a distinct chronical of unique
happenings
Scientism - ANSWER-view that is one cannot quantitatively measure a
phenomenon; it is not worth studying
Research Shock - ANSWER-a sense of disorientation experienced by a person when
suddenly confronted with an unfamiliar style of presentation and research language
, Researchese - ANSWER-language of research
Concepts - ANSWER-abstract or symbolic tags placed on reality
Operationalization - ANSWER-definition of concepts on the basis on how they are
measured "I measured it by____."
Variables - ANSWER-concepts that can vary or take on different numerical values,
operationalized concepts
Dependent variable - ANSWER-outcome variable (Y); or the subject of study
Independent Variable - ANSWER-predictor variable (X); precedes in time and
causes chance in the dependent variable
Hypothesis - ANSWER-specific statements or predictions regarding the relationship
between two
Deduction - ANSWER-involves moving from a level of theory to a specific
hypothesis
Induction - ANSWER-Entails inferring about a whole group on the basis of knowing
about a case or a few cases
Steps in research - ANSWER-1. Problem formulation 2. Research design 3. Data
collection 4. Analysis & presentation of findings 5. Conclusions 6. Interpretations 7.
Limitations
Problem Formulation - ANSWER-selection, identification & specifications of the
research topic to be investigated
Lucifer effect - ANSWER-term coined by Philip Zimbardo to refer to a transformation
of human character that causes good people to engage in evil action
Research fraud - ANSWER-occurs when researchers purposely fabricate or
misrepresent their findings
Plagiarism - ANSWER-type of fraud in which a writer presents the ideas or work of
someone else as their own
Researchers role - ANSWER-occurs when the role of the researcher as scientist may
intersect with & sometimes conflict with roles of criminal justice practitioners,
citizens and humanitarians
Research targets in criminal justice - ANSWER-the targets or subject matter of
research may include 1. The criminal 2. The victim 3. The criminal justice system &
practitioners
UMD
Science - ANSWER-combines rational theoretical explanation with the scientific
method
Replication - ANSWER-repetition of experiments or studies utilizing the same
methodology
Verification - ANSWER-confirmation of the accuracy of findings
Methodological Narcissism - ANSWER-fanatical adherence to a preferred method at
the expense of substance
Theory - ANSWER-plausible explanation of reality (why and how do things occur)
Paradigm - ANSWER-a model or scheme that provides a perspective from which to
view reality
Methodology - ANSWER-(methods) collection of accurate facts or data
Pure (basic) Research - ANSWER-acquisition of knowledge for sciences sake
Applied research - ANSWER-research concerned with solving or addressing
immediate policy problems
Crime Analysis - ANSWER-Systematic, analytic processes aimed at providing
practical information related to crime patterns
Quantitative Research - ANSWER-Operationalization and numerical measurement of
variables
Qualitative Research - ANSWER-research for the purpose of understanding rather
than measuring
Verstehen - ANSWER-Weber's notion that the purpose of research is to gain a
qualitative "understanding" of phenomena from the perspective of the subjects
Historicism - ANSWER-view of all social events as a distinct chronical of unique
happenings
Scientism - ANSWER-view that is one cannot quantitatively measure a
phenomenon; it is not worth studying
Research Shock - ANSWER-a sense of disorientation experienced by a person when
suddenly confronted with an unfamiliar style of presentation and research language
, Researchese - ANSWER-language of research
Concepts - ANSWER-abstract or symbolic tags placed on reality
Operationalization - ANSWER-definition of concepts on the basis on how they are
measured "I measured it by____."
Variables - ANSWER-concepts that can vary or take on different numerical values,
operationalized concepts
Dependent variable - ANSWER-outcome variable (Y); or the subject of study
Independent Variable - ANSWER-predictor variable (X); precedes in time and
causes chance in the dependent variable
Hypothesis - ANSWER-specific statements or predictions regarding the relationship
between two
Deduction - ANSWER-involves moving from a level of theory to a specific
hypothesis
Induction - ANSWER-Entails inferring about a whole group on the basis of knowing
about a case or a few cases
Steps in research - ANSWER-1. Problem formulation 2. Research design 3. Data
collection 4. Analysis & presentation of findings 5. Conclusions 6. Interpretations 7.
Limitations
Problem Formulation - ANSWER-selection, identification & specifications of the
research topic to be investigated
Lucifer effect - ANSWER-term coined by Philip Zimbardo to refer to a transformation
of human character that causes good people to engage in evil action
Research fraud - ANSWER-occurs when researchers purposely fabricate or
misrepresent their findings
Plagiarism - ANSWER-type of fraud in which a writer presents the ideas or work of
someone else as their own
Researchers role - ANSWER-occurs when the role of the researcher as scientist may
intersect with & sometimes conflict with roles of criminal justice practitioners,
citizens and humanitarians
Research targets in criminal justice - ANSWER-the targets or subject matter of
research may include 1. The criminal 2. The victim 3. The criminal justice system &
practitioners
