NURS 6521 Midterm Exam Walden
University | Latest Exam Study Guide
Questions | Advanced Pharmacology
Question
A patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus is prescribed
metformin. The nurse practitioner understands that the
primary mechanism of action of this medication is to:
A) Increase insulin secretion from the pancreatic beta cells
B) Decrease hepatic glucose production and improve
insulin sensitivity
C) Slow the absorption of carbohydrates in the
gastrointestinal tract
D) Stimulate the release of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)
Answer: B
Question
A 72-year-old patient with hypertension is started on a
thiazide diuretic. The nurse practitioner should monitor for
which of the following potential adverse effects?
A) Hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis
B) Hypokalemia and hyperuricemia
C) Hyponatremia and hypercalcemia
D) Hypoglycemia and bradycardia
Answer: B
Question
A patient is prescribed warfarin for atrial fibrillation. The
nurse practitioner instructs the patient to avoid foods high
in vitamin K. Which of the following foods should the
patient be specifically advised to limit?
,A) Apples and bananas
B) Kale and spinach
C) Chicken and fish
D) Rice and pasta
Answer: B
Question
A patient presents with a severe, acute asthma
exacerbation. Which of the following medications should
the nurse practitioner prioritize for immediate
administration?
A) Inhaled fluticasone
B) Oral montelukast
C) Inhaled albuterol via nebulizer
D) Intravenous theophylline
Answer: C
Question
The nurse practitioner is prescribing a bisphosphonate for
a patient with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Which
instruction is critical for the safe administration of this
medication?
A) Take the medication with a full glass of milk to enhance
absorption
B) Take the medication at bedtime to reduce the risk of
esophagitis
C) Take the medication with a full glass of water first thing
in the morning and remain upright for 30 minutes
D) Take the medication with food to minimize
gastrointestinal upset
Answer: C
,Question
A patient with heart failure is prescribed digoxin. Which of
the following is a sign of digoxin toxicity that the nurse
practitioner should monitor for?
A) Hyperkalemia
B) Tachycardia
C) Visual disturbances (e.g., yellow-green halos)
D) Hypertension
Answer: C
Question
A patient is prescribed fluoxetine for major depressive
disorder. The nurse practitioner advises the patient that
the full therapeutic effect may not be seen for:
A) 1 to 2 days
B) 1 to 2 weeks
C) 4 to 6 weeks
D) 2 to 3 months
Answer: C
Question
A patient on chronic opioid therapy for cancer pain
reports new-onset constipation. Which of the following
medications is most appropriate to manage this opioid-
induced side effect?
A) Loperamide
B) Diphenoxylate/atropine
C) Methylnaltrexone
D) Bismuth subsalicylate
Answer: C
, Question
The nurse practitioner is considering prescribing an ACE
inhibitor for a patient with hypertension. Which of the
following conditions is a contraindication to the use of this
drug class?
A) Diabetes mellitus
B) History of angioedema
C) Chronic kidney disease
D) Left ventricular hypertrophy
Answer: B
Question
A patient is started on levothyroxine for hypothyroidism.
The nurse practitioner knows that the patient should be
monitored for signs of over-replacement, which include:
A) Bradycardia and weight gain
B) Constipation and cold intolerance
C) Tachycardia, nervousness, and weight loss
D) Lethargy and hypotension
Answer: C
Question
A patient with a history of peptic ulcer disease requires
treatment for arthritis. Which non-steroidal anti-
inflammatory drug (NSAID) is most likely to have the least
gastric irritation?
A) Ibuprofen
B) Naproxen
C) Celecoxib
D) Aspirin
Answer: C
University | Latest Exam Study Guide
Questions | Advanced Pharmacology
Question
A patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus is prescribed
metformin. The nurse practitioner understands that the
primary mechanism of action of this medication is to:
A) Increase insulin secretion from the pancreatic beta cells
B) Decrease hepatic glucose production and improve
insulin sensitivity
C) Slow the absorption of carbohydrates in the
gastrointestinal tract
D) Stimulate the release of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)
Answer: B
Question
A 72-year-old patient with hypertension is started on a
thiazide diuretic. The nurse practitioner should monitor for
which of the following potential adverse effects?
A) Hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis
B) Hypokalemia and hyperuricemia
C) Hyponatremia and hypercalcemia
D) Hypoglycemia and bradycardia
Answer: B
Question
A patient is prescribed warfarin for atrial fibrillation. The
nurse practitioner instructs the patient to avoid foods high
in vitamin K. Which of the following foods should the
patient be specifically advised to limit?
,A) Apples and bananas
B) Kale and spinach
C) Chicken and fish
D) Rice and pasta
Answer: B
Question
A patient presents with a severe, acute asthma
exacerbation. Which of the following medications should
the nurse practitioner prioritize for immediate
administration?
A) Inhaled fluticasone
B) Oral montelukast
C) Inhaled albuterol via nebulizer
D) Intravenous theophylline
Answer: C
Question
The nurse practitioner is prescribing a bisphosphonate for
a patient with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Which
instruction is critical for the safe administration of this
medication?
A) Take the medication with a full glass of milk to enhance
absorption
B) Take the medication at bedtime to reduce the risk of
esophagitis
C) Take the medication with a full glass of water first thing
in the morning and remain upright for 30 minutes
D) Take the medication with food to minimize
gastrointestinal upset
Answer: C
,Question
A patient with heart failure is prescribed digoxin. Which of
the following is a sign of digoxin toxicity that the nurse
practitioner should monitor for?
A) Hyperkalemia
B) Tachycardia
C) Visual disturbances (e.g., yellow-green halos)
D) Hypertension
Answer: C
Question
A patient is prescribed fluoxetine for major depressive
disorder. The nurse practitioner advises the patient that
the full therapeutic effect may not be seen for:
A) 1 to 2 days
B) 1 to 2 weeks
C) 4 to 6 weeks
D) 2 to 3 months
Answer: C
Question
A patient on chronic opioid therapy for cancer pain
reports new-onset constipation. Which of the following
medications is most appropriate to manage this opioid-
induced side effect?
A) Loperamide
B) Diphenoxylate/atropine
C) Methylnaltrexone
D) Bismuth subsalicylate
Answer: C
, Question
The nurse practitioner is considering prescribing an ACE
inhibitor for a patient with hypertension. Which of the
following conditions is a contraindication to the use of this
drug class?
A) Diabetes mellitus
B) History of angioedema
C) Chronic kidney disease
D) Left ventricular hypertrophy
Answer: B
Question
A patient is started on levothyroxine for hypothyroidism.
The nurse practitioner knows that the patient should be
monitored for signs of over-replacement, which include:
A) Bradycardia and weight gain
B) Constipation and cold intolerance
C) Tachycardia, nervousness, and weight loss
D) Lethargy and hypotension
Answer: C
Question
A patient with a history of peptic ulcer disease requires
treatment for arthritis. Which non-steroidal anti-
inflammatory drug (NSAID) is most likely to have the least
gastric irritation?
A) Ibuprofen
B) Naproxen
C) Celecoxib
D) Aspirin
Answer: C
