PATH 1000 MIDTERM 2 2026/2027 ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+.
Nociceptive Pain - (ANSWER)pain receptors in the PNS being stimulated by mechanical, thermal or
chemical means
Pain Threshold - (ANSWER)lowest intensity of pain that a person recognizes
Pain Tolerance - (ANSWER)greatest intensity of pain that can be endured
Acute Pain - (ANSWER)protective mechanism and sudden onset. Warning of an actual or impending
tissue injury
- Presents as increased HR, HTN, diaphoresis and anxiety
Somatic Pain - (ANSWER)occurs in connective tissue, muscle, bone and skin
Visceral Pain - (ANSWER)pain in internal organs and lining of body cavities associated with nausea,
vomiting and restlessness
Referred Pain - (ANSWER)occurs in an area distant from the point of region
- Visceral sensory fibers enter the spinal cord along with sensory fibers from another point in the body →
fibers converge → carry signals to the cerebral cortex
Persistent Pain (Chronic Pain) - (ANSWER)pain lasting longer than 3 months and may be persistent. Onset
can be sudden or develop insidiously
- Leads to physiological adaptation & behavioural and psychological changes
Neuralgia - (ANSWER)pain in the distribution of a nerve
,PATH 1000 MIDTERM 2 2026/2027 ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+.
Neuropathic Pain - (ANSWER)pain caused by a lesion or dysfunction of the nervous system
Phantom Limb Pain - (ANSWER)neuropathic pain from nerve trauma or disease
- Occurs in patients who had pain prior to amputation
- Cause:
• Hyperactivity of peripheral nerves
• Scar tissue
• Neuroma formation
Myofascial Pain - (ANSWER)pain and inflammation in the fascia that covers muscles due to injury and
spams (chronic condition)
Thermoregulation - (ANSWER)process that allows your body to maintain its core internal temperature
mediated by the hypothalamus and endocrine system
How does aging affect thermoregulation? - (ANSWER)- Decreased shivering
- Slowed BMR
- Decreased sweating
- Slowed blood circulation
- Changes to the skin
- Decreased heat producing activities
Mechanism of Heat Loss - (ANSWER)- Autonomic Nervous system:
• Evaporation & vasodilation
- Relation to environmental temperature:
• Radiation
• Conduction
• Convection - transfer liquids/gases through the air from a warmer environment to a cooler
environment
,PATH 1000 MIDTERM 2 2026/2027 ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+.
Mechanism of Heat Conservation - (ANSWER)- Vasoconstriction by sympathetic nervous system
Ex: dressing in layers helps with heat conservation as it traps heat in
Fever - (ANSWER)temporary response to either endogenous or exogenous pyrogens
- Hypothalamus & Brainstem Cause:
• Increased heat production & conservation
• Peripheral vasoconstriction
• Epinephrine release
How does fever effect older adults & infants? - (ANSWER)- Older Adults
• Limited fever response to infection
• May lead to increased morbidity & mortality
- Infants
• Inability to shiver
• High temps can occur in mild infections
• May develop febrile seizures
Hyperthermia - (ANSWER)increased body temperature without hypothalamus trigger.
- Can lead to nerve damage, convulsions & death
Heat Cramps - (ANSWER)heat illness due to muscle spasms from loss of large amount of salt and water
through exercise
Heat Exhaustion - (ANSWER)result of body overheating
, PATH 1000 MIDTERM 2 2026/2027 ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+.
- S/S: dizziness, headache, heat sweating, paleness, muscle cramps
Heat Stroke - (ANSWER)severe heat illness that results in a body temperature greater than 130°F
- S/S: throbbing headache, unconsciousness, confusion, rapid/strong pulse, red/hot/dry skin (no
sweating)
Hypothermia - (ANSWER)core body temperature falls below 35°C
- Causes:
• Prolonged cold exposure → vasoconstriction, increased blood viscosity, ischemic damage
- Clinical Manifestations:
• Shivering, increased risk of coagulation, ice crystals form in cells causing them to rupture and die
Stages of Sleep - (ANSWER)- Non Rapid Eye Movement (Non-REM)
1. Stage 1: your eyes are closed, but easy to wake you up. Lasts for 5-10 minutes
2. Stage 2: you are in light sleep. Heart rate slows and body temperature drops. Body prepares for deep
sleep
3. Stage 3: deep sleep stage. Body repairs and regrows tissues, builds bone and muscle, and strengthens
immune system
- Rapid Eye Movement (REM): happens 90 minutes after you fall asleep. Heart rate and breathing
quickens. Intense dreams occur due to hyperactive brain
Insomia - (ANSWER)(sleeplessness) difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep.
- Day time sleepiness, low energy, irritability, and depressed mood
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) - (ANSWER)serious sleep disorder where it causes breathing
to repeatedly stops and start during sleep
VERIFIED ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+.
Nociceptive Pain - (ANSWER)pain receptors in the PNS being stimulated by mechanical, thermal or
chemical means
Pain Threshold - (ANSWER)lowest intensity of pain that a person recognizes
Pain Tolerance - (ANSWER)greatest intensity of pain that can be endured
Acute Pain - (ANSWER)protective mechanism and sudden onset. Warning of an actual or impending
tissue injury
- Presents as increased HR, HTN, diaphoresis and anxiety
Somatic Pain - (ANSWER)occurs in connective tissue, muscle, bone and skin
Visceral Pain - (ANSWER)pain in internal organs and lining of body cavities associated with nausea,
vomiting and restlessness
Referred Pain - (ANSWER)occurs in an area distant from the point of region
- Visceral sensory fibers enter the spinal cord along with sensory fibers from another point in the body →
fibers converge → carry signals to the cerebral cortex
Persistent Pain (Chronic Pain) - (ANSWER)pain lasting longer than 3 months and may be persistent. Onset
can be sudden or develop insidiously
- Leads to physiological adaptation & behavioural and psychological changes
Neuralgia - (ANSWER)pain in the distribution of a nerve
,PATH 1000 MIDTERM 2 2026/2027 ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+.
Neuropathic Pain - (ANSWER)pain caused by a lesion or dysfunction of the nervous system
Phantom Limb Pain - (ANSWER)neuropathic pain from nerve trauma or disease
- Occurs in patients who had pain prior to amputation
- Cause:
• Hyperactivity of peripheral nerves
• Scar tissue
• Neuroma formation
Myofascial Pain - (ANSWER)pain and inflammation in the fascia that covers muscles due to injury and
spams (chronic condition)
Thermoregulation - (ANSWER)process that allows your body to maintain its core internal temperature
mediated by the hypothalamus and endocrine system
How does aging affect thermoregulation? - (ANSWER)- Decreased shivering
- Slowed BMR
- Decreased sweating
- Slowed blood circulation
- Changes to the skin
- Decreased heat producing activities
Mechanism of Heat Loss - (ANSWER)- Autonomic Nervous system:
• Evaporation & vasodilation
- Relation to environmental temperature:
• Radiation
• Conduction
• Convection - transfer liquids/gases through the air from a warmer environment to a cooler
environment
,PATH 1000 MIDTERM 2 2026/2027 ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+.
Mechanism of Heat Conservation - (ANSWER)- Vasoconstriction by sympathetic nervous system
Ex: dressing in layers helps with heat conservation as it traps heat in
Fever - (ANSWER)temporary response to either endogenous or exogenous pyrogens
- Hypothalamus & Brainstem Cause:
• Increased heat production & conservation
• Peripheral vasoconstriction
• Epinephrine release
How does fever effect older adults & infants? - (ANSWER)- Older Adults
• Limited fever response to infection
• May lead to increased morbidity & mortality
- Infants
• Inability to shiver
• High temps can occur in mild infections
• May develop febrile seizures
Hyperthermia - (ANSWER)increased body temperature without hypothalamus trigger.
- Can lead to nerve damage, convulsions & death
Heat Cramps - (ANSWER)heat illness due to muscle spasms from loss of large amount of salt and water
through exercise
Heat Exhaustion - (ANSWER)result of body overheating
, PATH 1000 MIDTERM 2 2026/2027 ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+.
- S/S: dizziness, headache, heat sweating, paleness, muscle cramps
Heat Stroke - (ANSWER)severe heat illness that results in a body temperature greater than 130°F
- S/S: throbbing headache, unconsciousness, confusion, rapid/strong pulse, red/hot/dry skin (no
sweating)
Hypothermia - (ANSWER)core body temperature falls below 35°C
- Causes:
• Prolonged cold exposure → vasoconstriction, increased blood viscosity, ischemic damage
- Clinical Manifestations:
• Shivering, increased risk of coagulation, ice crystals form in cells causing them to rupture and die
Stages of Sleep - (ANSWER)- Non Rapid Eye Movement (Non-REM)
1. Stage 1: your eyes are closed, but easy to wake you up. Lasts for 5-10 minutes
2. Stage 2: you are in light sleep. Heart rate slows and body temperature drops. Body prepares for deep
sleep
3. Stage 3: deep sleep stage. Body repairs and regrows tissues, builds bone and muscle, and strengthens
immune system
- Rapid Eye Movement (REM): happens 90 minutes after you fall asleep. Heart rate and breathing
quickens. Intense dreams occur due to hyperactive brain
Insomia - (ANSWER)(sleeplessness) difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep.
- Day time sleepiness, low energy, irritability, and depressed mood
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) - (ANSWER)serious sleep disorder where it causes breathing
to repeatedly stops and start during sleep
