Pediatric ARDMS Exam Review Questions and Correct Answers 2026/2027 Edition | Pediatric Sonography Test Bank

Pediatric ARDMS Exam Review Questions and Correct
Answers 2026/2027 Edition | Pediatric Sonography
Test Bank




SECTION 1: NEONATAL HEAD & SPINE




Question 1
A neonate is being evaluated for possible hydrocephalus. What is the #1 cause of
congenital hydrocephalus?

A) Aqueductal stenosis
B) Dandy-Walker malformation
C) UPJ obstruction
D) Chiari malformation

Correct Answer: C) UPJ obstruction

Rationale: UPJ obstruction is correctly identified as the #1 cause of congenital
hydrocephalus. This is a specific question relating to congenital causes. Options A and B
are also causes of hydrocephalus but are not the most common. Option D is associated
with hydrocephalus but is not the primary cause.

,Question 2
A 3-day-old infant presents with a sacral dimple, a skin tag, and an abnormal patch of
hair on the lower back. These findings are collectively known as:

A) Overt spinal dysraphism
B) Dorsal stigmata
C) Diastematomyelia
D) Lipomeningocele

Correct Answer: B) Dorsal stigmata

Rationale: Dorsal stigmata are cutaneous markers seen with occult spinal dysraphism and
include sacral dimples, skin tags, and abnormal hair growth. Overt spinal dysraphism
involves non-skin-covered lesions like myelomeningocele. Diastematomyelia is a sagittal
cleft dividing the spinal cord. Lipomeningocele is a specific type of occult spinal
dysraphism often associated with a tight filum terminale.




Question 3
A sagittal cleft is present in the spinal cord, causing it to divide into two cords. This
condition is termed:

A) Lipomyelocele
B) Myelomeningocele
C) Diastematomyelia
D) Tethered cord

Correct Answer: C) Diastematomyelia

,Rationale: Diastematomyelia is defined as a sagittal cleft in the spinal cord that divides it
into two hemicords. Lipomyelocele and lipomyelomeningocele are forms of occult spinal
dysraphism often associated with a tight filum terminale. A tethered cord is a general term
for when the cord is fixed in an abnormal position, but does not specifically describe the
cleft.




Question 4
Myelocele and myelomeningocele are types of:

A) Occult spinal dysraphism
B) Overt spinal dysraphism
C) Dorsal stigmata
D) Closed spinal defects

Correct Answer: B) Overt spinal dysraphism

Rationale: Myelocele and myelomeningocele are non-skin-covered defects, classifying
them as overt spinal dysraphism. Occult spinal dysraphism involves skin-covered defects
like lipomas. Dorsal stigmata are the cutaneous markers associated with occult defects,
not the defects themselves.




SECTION 2: GASTROINTESTINAL & BILIARY




Question 5
A 4-week-old male infant presents with projectile vomiting and a palpable olive-like

, mass in the right upper quadrant. What is the most common age of onset for this
condition?

A) 1-2 weeks
B) 2-6 weeks
C) 2-6 months
D) 6-12 months

Correct Answer: B) 2-6 weeks

Rationale: Pyloric stenosis, characterized by hypertrophy of the pyloric muscle, most
commonly presents between 2 and 6 weeks of age, with a higher incidence in males. The
classic findings are projectile vomiting and an olive-like mass on palpation.




Question 6
In a patient with suspected pyloric stenosis, the pyloric muscle is considered thickened
when it measures greater than:

A) 2 mm
B) 3 mm
C) 4 mm
D) 5 mm

Correct Answer: B) 3 mm

Rationale: In pediatric sonography, a pyloric muscle thickness greater than 3 mm is the
established threshold for diagnosing pyloric stenosis. Additionally, a pyloric channel length
greater than 17 mm is also a key diagnostic criterion .