DAVITA RN FINAL EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ What are the kidneys excretory functions.
Answer: To normalize electrolytes, remove wastes, provide fluid and
nutrient balance
◉ What is the function of the acid concentration.
Answer: Provides the concentration gradient for diffusion and helps
normalize electrolytes
◉ What is the function of bicarbonate.
Answer: Buffers the acid concentrate
◉ Signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia.
Answer: > 5.5 mEq: extreme muscle weakness, abnormal heart
rhythm, possible cardiac arrest
◉ Signs and symptoms of hypokalemia.
Answer: < 3.5 mEq: fatigue, muscle weakness, paralysis, respiratory
failure, cardiac instability, arrhythmias, cardiac arrest
,◉ What are the kidneys endocrine functions.
Answer: Renin secretion, Erythropoeitin secretion, Vit D Activation
◉ How do we replace normal endocrine kidney functions.
Answer: Provide medications
◉ How much of normal kidney function is replaced by hemodialysis.
Answer: 15%
◉ What is uremia and how does it affect the body?.
Answer: Uremia is a buildup of wastes in the blood due to kidney
failure and affects all body systems.
◉ What are the most common causes of CKD in the usa?.
Answer: Diabetes
Hypertension
Polycystic Kidney Disease
◉ Outline the treatment goals for a patient with CKD.
Answer: -slowing the progression of ckd
-managing comorbidities and complications
-controlling symptoms
,-minimizing the effects of ckd on patients' lifestyles
-kidney replacement therapy modality education
-encouraging patients to actively participate in their healthcare
◉ Why is it important to know what caused your patients CKD.
Answer: So the nurse and PCT can inquire about possible problems
during data collection and assessment
◉ Why is sodium balance important?.
Answer: Leads to volume expansion, increased cardiac output,
increased peripheral vascular resistance, and increased blood
pressure
◉ Signs and symptoms of fluid imbalance.
Answer: Edema, hypertension, shortness of breath
◉ Systemic effects of CKD what would you advise for a patient who
complains of: dry itchy skin, peripheral neuropathy(nerve pain in
extremities) and gi problems.
Answer: Use hyper-fatted soaps and lotions, monitor patient for
changes in motor function and inform RN and physician of any
bleeding problems/constipation/diarrhea
, ◉ What is the consequences of prolonged fluid overload and
hypertension.
Answer: Left ventricular hypertrophy
◉ What is Percarditis?.
Answer: Inflammation of the membrane (pericardial sac) around the
heart
◉ What is a common cause of hypertension in dialysis patients.
Answer: fluid overload
◉ Left ventricular hypertrophy leads to.
Answer: Ischemic heart disease, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction,
and sudden death
◉ Why are dialysis patients anemic?.
Answer: 1. the lifespan of their red blood cell is 60 days 1/2 of the
normal 120 days.
◉ What can you do to avoid contributing to lower hemoglobin and
blood loss in dialysis patients.
Answer: Verify correct Erythropoietin Stimulating Agent (ESA) dose
is administered, rinse back until venous line is pink tinged, and
avoid repeat lab draws
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
◉ What are the kidneys excretory functions.
Answer: To normalize electrolytes, remove wastes, provide fluid and
nutrient balance
◉ What is the function of the acid concentration.
Answer: Provides the concentration gradient for diffusion and helps
normalize electrolytes
◉ What is the function of bicarbonate.
Answer: Buffers the acid concentrate
◉ Signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia.
Answer: > 5.5 mEq: extreme muscle weakness, abnormal heart
rhythm, possible cardiac arrest
◉ Signs and symptoms of hypokalemia.
Answer: < 3.5 mEq: fatigue, muscle weakness, paralysis, respiratory
failure, cardiac instability, arrhythmias, cardiac arrest
,◉ What are the kidneys endocrine functions.
Answer: Renin secretion, Erythropoeitin secretion, Vit D Activation
◉ How do we replace normal endocrine kidney functions.
Answer: Provide medications
◉ How much of normal kidney function is replaced by hemodialysis.
Answer: 15%
◉ What is uremia and how does it affect the body?.
Answer: Uremia is a buildup of wastes in the blood due to kidney
failure and affects all body systems.
◉ What are the most common causes of CKD in the usa?.
Answer: Diabetes
Hypertension
Polycystic Kidney Disease
◉ Outline the treatment goals for a patient with CKD.
Answer: -slowing the progression of ckd
-managing comorbidities and complications
-controlling symptoms
,-minimizing the effects of ckd on patients' lifestyles
-kidney replacement therapy modality education
-encouraging patients to actively participate in their healthcare
◉ Why is it important to know what caused your patients CKD.
Answer: So the nurse and PCT can inquire about possible problems
during data collection and assessment
◉ Why is sodium balance important?.
Answer: Leads to volume expansion, increased cardiac output,
increased peripheral vascular resistance, and increased blood
pressure
◉ Signs and symptoms of fluid imbalance.
Answer: Edema, hypertension, shortness of breath
◉ Systemic effects of CKD what would you advise for a patient who
complains of: dry itchy skin, peripheral neuropathy(nerve pain in
extremities) and gi problems.
Answer: Use hyper-fatted soaps and lotions, monitor patient for
changes in motor function and inform RN and physician of any
bleeding problems/constipation/diarrhea
, ◉ What is the consequences of prolonged fluid overload and
hypertension.
Answer: Left ventricular hypertrophy
◉ What is Percarditis?.
Answer: Inflammation of the membrane (pericardial sac) around the
heart
◉ What is a common cause of hypertension in dialysis patients.
Answer: fluid overload
◉ Left ventricular hypertrophy leads to.
Answer: Ischemic heart disease, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction,
and sudden death
◉ Why are dialysis patients anemic?.
Answer: 1. the lifespan of their red blood cell is 60 days 1/2 of the
normal 120 days.
◉ What can you do to avoid contributing to lower hemoglobin and
blood loss in dialysis patients.
Answer: Verify correct Erythropoietin Stimulating Agent (ESA) dose
is administered, rinse back until venous line is pink tinged, and
avoid repeat lab draws
