Tested Questions With ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
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What symptoms are necessary to diagnose a manic Elevated/expansive mood
episode? Irritable mood
1) Elevated/expansive mood
2) Irritable mood
3) Inflated self-esteem/grandiosity
4) Increased goal-directed activity or agitation
What are the symptom dimensions of a manic episode? 5) Risk-taking
6) Decreased need for sleep
7) Distractible/concentration
8) More talkative pressured speech
9) Flight of ideas/racing thoughts
by the occurrence of at least a single major depressive
How is major depressive disorder defined? episode; although most pt's will experience recurrent
episodes
as the occurrence of at least one full-blown manic episode;
How is Bipolar I disorder defined?
typically experience major depressive episodes as well
Reduce acute symptoms (sadness, anhedonia)
Restore psychosocial functioning
What are the main goals of treating depression?
Prevent relapse and recurrence
Improve overall quality of life
What is the mechanism of antidepressant?
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Tested Questions With ELABORATED 100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
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Increase synaptic levels of MOA (5-HT, NE, DA)
Enhance neuroplasticity and neurotrophic factors (e.g.
BDNF)
Normalize activity in dysregulated neural circuits
Fatigue, low motivation
Insomnia/sleep disturbances
Identify the residual symptoms of depression that may be
less likely to respond to medication treatment.
Cognitive/concentration problems/memory deficits
Social withdrawal
Hormone activity
Psychoneuroimmunology
What are the etiologies of depression? Genetic
Neurotransmitters
Neutrophic Factors
HPA dysregulation
Early adversity
Thyroid imbalances
How does hormone activity ettect depression?
Possible imbalances of
growth hormones
Estrogen/progesterone
How does psychoneuroimmunology ettect depression?