D430: FUNDAMENTALS OF INFORMATION
SECURITY EXAM LATEST UPDATED 2026/2027 A
COMPLETE SOLUTION ALL ANSWERS GET IT 100%
CORRECT VERIFIED BEST GRADED A+ FOR SUCCESS
information security
"protecting information and information systems from unauthorized
access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction." - US law
protection of digital assets.
secure
it's difficult to define when you're truly secure. when you can spot
insecurities, you can take steps to mitigate these issues. although you'll
never get to a truly secure state, you can take steps in the right
direction.
m; as you increase the level of security, you decrease the level of
productivity. the cost of security should never outstrip the value of what
it's protecting.
data at rest and in motion (and in use)
data at rest is stored data not in the process of being moved; usually
protected with encryption at the level of the file or the entire storage
device.
data in motion is data that is in the process of being moved; usually
protected with encryption, but in this case the encryption protects the
network protocol or the path of the data.
data in use is the data that is actively being accessed at the moment.
,protection includes permissions and authentication of users. could be
conflated with data in motion.
defense by layer
the layers of your defense-in-depth strategy will vary depending on
situation and environment.
logical (nonphysical) layers: external network, network perimeter,
internal network, host, application, and data layers as areas to place your
defenses.
m; defenses for layers can appear in more than one area. penetration
testing, for example, can and should be used in all layers.
payment card industry data security standard (PCI DSS)
a widely accepted set of policies and procedures intended to optimize
the security of credit, debit and cash card transactions and protect
cardholders against misuse of their personal information.
health insurance portability and accountability act of 1996 (HIPAA)
a federal law that required the creation of national standards to protect
sensitive patient health information from being disclosed without the
patient's consent or knowledge.
federal information security management act (FISMA)
requires each federal agency to develop, document, and implement an
information security program to protect its information and information
systems.
m; applies to US federal government agencies, all state agencies that
administer federal programs, and private companies that support, sell to,
or receive grant money from the federal government.
federal risk and authorization management program (FedRAMP)
,defines rules for government agencies contracting with cloud providers;
applies to both cloud platform providers and companies providing
software as a service (SaaS) tools that are based in the cloud.
sarbanes-oxley act (SOX)
regulates the financial practice and governance for publicly held
companies.
m; designed to protect investors and the general public by establishing
requirements regarding reporting and disclosure practices.
places specific requirements on an organization's electronic
recordkeeping, including the integrity of records, retention periods for
certain kinds of information, and methods of storing electronic
communications.
gramm-leach-bliley act (GLBA)
requires financial institutions to safeguard their customers financial data
and identifiable information.
m; mandates the disclosure of an institution's information collection and
information sharing practices and establishes requirements for providing
privacy notices and opt-outs to consumers.
children's internet protection act (CIPA)
requires schools and libraries to prevent children from accessing obscene
or harmful content over the internet.
children's online privacy protection act (COPPA)
protects the privacy of minors younger than 13 by restricting
organizations from collecting their PII (personally identifiable
information), requiring the organizations to post a privacy policy online,
make reasonable efforts to obtain parental consent, and notify parents
that information is being collected.
, family educational rights and privacy act (FERPA)
defines how institutions must handle student records to protect their
privacy and how people can view or share them.
international organization for standardization (ISO)
a body first created in 1926 to set standards between nations.
the 27000/27k series of THIS covers information security; 27000, 27001,
27002. these documents lay out best practices for managing risk,
controls, privacy, technical issues, and a wide array of other specifics.
national institute of standards and technology (NIST)
provides guidelines for many topics in computing and technology,
including risk management.
m; two commonly referenced publications on risk management are SP
800-37 and SP 800-53.
SP 800-37 lays out the risk management framework in six steps:
categorize, select, implement, assess, authorize, and monitor.
eradication (incident response)
THIS involves attempting to remove the effects of the issue from your
environment.
ex; once the attack is contained, THIS would be the step to remove it;
such as scanning hosts of others in the environment to ensure the
malware is gone, including the examination of server and network logs
the infected computer communicated with.
recovery (incident response)
THIS is going back to the state prior to the incident.
m; involves restoring devices or data from backup media, rebuilding
SECURITY EXAM LATEST UPDATED 2026/2027 A
COMPLETE SOLUTION ALL ANSWERS GET IT 100%
CORRECT VERIFIED BEST GRADED A+ FOR SUCCESS
information security
"protecting information and information systems from unauthorized
access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction." - US law
protection of digital assets.
secure
it's difficult to define when you're truly secure. when you can spot
insecurities, you can take steps to mitigate these issues. although you'll
never get to a truly secure state, you can take steps in the right
direction.
m; as you increase the level of security, you decrease the level of
productivity. the cost of security should never outstrip the value of what
it's protecting.
data at rest and in motion (and in use)
data at rest is stored data not in the process of being moved; usually
protected with encryption at the level of the file or the entire storage
device.
data in motion is data that is in the process of being moved; usually
protected with encryption, but in this case the encryption protects the
network protocol or the path of the data.
data in use is the data that is actively being accessed at the moment.
,protection includes permissions and authentication of users. could be
conflated with data in motion.
defense by layer
the layers of your defense-in-depth strategy will vary depending on
situation and environment.
logical (nonphysical) layers: external network, network perimeter,
internal network, host, application, and data layers as areas to place your
defenses.
m; defenses for layers can appear in more than one area. penetration
testing, for example, can and should be used in all layers.
payment card industry data security standard (PCI DSS)
a widely accepted set of policies and procedures intended to optimize
the security of credit, debit and cash card transactions and protect
cardholders against misuse of their personal information.
health insurance portability and accountability act of 1996 (HIPAA)
a federal law that required the creation of national standards to protect
sensitive patient health information from being disclosed without the
patient's consent or knowledge.
federal information security management act (FISMA)
requires each federal agency to develop, document, and implement an
information security program to protect its information and information
systems.
m; applies to US federal government agencies, all state agencies that
administer federal programs, and private companies that support, sell to,
or receive grant money from the federal government.
federal risk and authorization management program (FedRAMP)
,defines rules for government agencies contracting with cloud providers;
applies to both cloud platform providers and companies providing
software as a service (SaaS) tools that are based in the cloud.
sarbanes-oxley act (SOX)
regulates the financial practice and governance for publicly held
companies.
m; designed to protect investors and the general public by establishing
requirements regarding reporting and disclosure practices.
places specific requirements on an organization's electronic
recordkeeping, including the integrity of records, retention periods for
certain kinds of information, and methods of storing electronic
communications.
gramm-leach-bliley act (GLBA)
requires financial institutions to safeguard their customers financial data
and identifiable information.
m; mandates the disclosure of an institution's information collection and
information sharing practices and establishes requirements for providing
privacy notices and opt-outs to consumers.
children's internet protection act (CIPA)
requires schools and libraries to prevent children from accessing obscene
or harmful content over the internet.
children's online privacy protection act (COPPA)
protects the privacy of minors younger than 13 by restricting
organizations from collecting their PII (personally identifiable
information), requiring the organizations to post a privacy policy online,
make reasonable efforts to obtain parental consent, and notify parents
that information is being collected.
, family educational rights and privacy act (FERPA)
defines how institutions must handle student records to protect their
privacy and how people can view or share them.
international organization for standardization (ISO)
a body first created in 1926 to set standards between nations.
the 27000/27k series of THIS covers information security; 27000, 27001,
27002. these documents lay out best practices for managing risk,
controls, privacy, technical issues, and a wide array of other specifics.
national institute of standards and technology (NIST)
provides guidelines for many topics in computing and technology,
including risk management.
m; two commonly referenced publications on risk management are SP
800-37 and SP 800-53.
SP 800-37 lays out the risk management framework in six steps:
categorize, select, implement, assess, authorize, and monitor.
eradication (incident response)
THIS involves attempting to remove the effects of the issue from your
environment.
ex; once the attack is contained, THIS would be the step to remove it;
such as scanning hosts of others in the environment to ensure the
malware is gone, including the examination of server and network logs
the infected computer communicated with.
recovery (incident response)
THIS is going back to the state prior to the incident.
m; involves restoring devices or data from backup media, rebuilding
