NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology MidTerm
NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology MidTerm
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_92br18
1. Hypersensitivity: Type 1: Allergic reaction, Mediated by IgE, Inflammation due to mast cell degran-
Type 1 ulation
Local symptoms:
-itching
-rash
Systemic symptoms:
-wheezing
Most dangerous = anaphylactic reaction
systemic response of hypotension, severe bronchoconstriction
Main treatment: epinephrine reverses the effects
2. Hypersensitivity: Type 2: Cytotoxic reaction; tissue specific (ex: thyroid tissue)
Type 2
Macrophages are the primary effectors cells involved
Can cause tissue damage or alter function
Grave's disease (hyperthyroidism) - example of altering thyroid function, but does
not destroy thyroid tissue
Incompatible blood type- example of cell/tissue damage that occurs; severe trans-
fusion reaction occurs and the transfused erythrocytes are destroyed by aggluti-
nation or complement-mediated lysis.
3. Type 1 Hypersen- Type 1 Hypersensitivity
sitivity VS. Type 2 Organ Specific
Hypersensitivity Antibody binds to the antigen on the cell surface
Type 2 Hypersensitivity
Not Organ Specific
Antibody binds to the soluble antigen outside the cell surface that was released
into the blood or body fluids, and the complex is then deposited in the tissues
Page 1 of 14
, NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology MidTerm
NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology MidTerm
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_92br18
4. Hypersensitivity: Rheumatoid arthritis: Antigen/antibodies are deposited in the joints
Type 3 - Examples
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)- very closely related to autoimmunity- anti-
gen/antibodies deposit in organs that cause tissue damage
5. Hypersensitivity: Delayed response
Type 4
Does not involve antigen/antibody complexes like Types 1, 2 and 3
Is T-cell mediated
6. Differentiating Type 1: Immediate hypersensitivity reactions, termed atopic dermatitis, are usually
Between the characterized by widely distributed lesions
Rash of a Type 1
vs. Type 4 Type 4: Contact dermatitis (delayed hypersensitivity) consists of lesions only at the
Reaction: site of contact with the allergen
The key determinant is the timing of the rash:
-Type 1 = Immediate
-Type 4 = Delayed: Several days following contact, ex would be poison ivy
7. Treatment of A non-severe case of contact dermatitis would be treated with topical corticos-
Type 4 Rash teroid.
Why not epinephrine or antihistamines?
-Epinephrine is for emergent Type 1 anaphylactic reactions. Antihistamines act on
the H1 receptors. Type 4 does not involve mast cells and H1 receptors.
Antibiotics not appropriate since not an infection
8. Autoimmunity Autoimmune disease can be familial, Affected family members may not all develop
the same disease, but several members may have different disorders characterized
by a variety of hypersensitivity reactions, These include autoimmune and allergic
reactions
Page 2 of 14
NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology MidTerm
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_92br18
1. Hypersensitivity: Type 1: Allergic reaction, Mediated by IgE, Inflammation due to mast cell degran-
Type 1 ulation
Local symptoms:
-itching
-rash
Systemic symptoms:
-wheezing
Most dangerous = anaphylactic reaction
systemic response of hypotension, severe bronchoconstriction
Main treatment: epinephrine reverses the effects
2. Hypersensitivity: Type 2: Cytotoxic reaction; tissue specific (ex: thyroid tissue)
Type 2
Macrophages are the primary effectors cells involved
Can cause tissue damage or alter function
Grave's disease (hyperthyroidism) - example of altering thyroid function, but does
not destroy thyroid tissue
Incompatible blood type- example of cell/tissue damage that occurs; severe trans-
fusion reaction occurs and the transfused erythrocytes are destroyed by aggluti-
nation or complement-mediated lysis.
3. Type 1 Hypersen- Type 1 Hypersensitivity
sitivity VS. Type 2 Organ Specific
Hypersensitivity Antibody binds to the antigen on the cell surface
Type 2 Hypersensitivity
Not Organ Specific
Antibody binds to the soluble antigen outside the cell surface that was released
into the blood or body fluids, and the complex is then deposited in the tissues
Page 1 of 14
, NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology MidTerm
NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology MidTerm
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_92br18
4. Hypersensitivity: Rheumatoid arthritis: Antigen/antibodies are deposited in the joints
Type 3 - Examples
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)- very closely related to autoimmunity- anti-
gen/antibodies deposit in organs that cause tissue damage
5. Hypersensitivity: Delayed response
Type 4
Does not involve antigen/antibody complexes like Types 1, 2 and 3
Is T-cell mediated
6. Differentiating Type 1: Immediate hypersensitivity reactions, termed atopic dermatitis, are usually
Between the characterized by widely distributed lesions
Rash of a Type 1
vs. Type 4 Type 4: Contact dermatitis (delayed hypersensitivity) consists of lesions only at the
Reaction: site of contact with the allergen
The key determinant is the timing of the rash:
-Type 1 = Immediate
-Type 4 = Delayed: Several days following contact, ex would be poison ivy
7. Treatment of A non-severe case of contact dermatitis would be treated with topical corticos-
Type 4 Rash teroid.
Why not epinephrine or antihistamines?
-Epinephrine is for emergent Type 1 anaphylactic reactions. Antihistamines act on
the H1 receptors. Type 4 does not involve mast cells and H1 receptors.
Antibiotics not appropriate since not an infection
8. Autoimmunity Autoimmune disease can be familial, Affected family members may not all develop
the same disease, but several members may have different disorders characterized
by a variety of hypersensitivity reactions, These include autoimmune and allergic
reactions
Page 2 of 14
